Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
BMC Psychol. 2016 May 31;4(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40359-016-0134-3.
Replication initiatives in psychology continue to gather considerable attention from far outside the field, as well as controversy from within. Some accomplishments of these initiatives are noted, but this article focuses on why they do not provide a general solution for what ails psychology. There are inherent limitations to mass replications ever being conducted in many areas of psychology, both in terms of their practicality and their prospects for improving the science. Unnecessary compromises were built into the ground rules for design and publication of the Open Science Collaboration: Psychology that undermine its effectiveness. Some ground rules could actually be flipped into guidance for how not to conduct replications. Greater adherence to best publication practices, transparency in the design and publishing of research, strengthening of independent post-publication peer review and firmer enforcement of rules about data sharing and declarations of conflict of interest would make many replications unnecessary. Yet, it has been difficult to move beyond simple endorsement of these measures to consistent implementation. Given the strong institutional support for questionable publication practices, progress will depend on effective individual and collective use of social media to expose lapses and demand reform. Some recent incidents highlight the necessity of this.
心理学领域的复制倡议继续受到来自该领域之外的大量关注,同时也引发了内部的争议。本文提到了这些倡议的一些成就,但重点关注的是,它们为何不能为心理学的困境提供普遍的解决方案。在心理学的许多领域,大规模复制在实践上和改善科学的前景上都存在固有局限性。开放科学协作组织(Open Science Collaboration)的设计和出版的基本规则中存在不必要的妥协,这些妥协破坏了其有效性。一些基本规则实际上可以转变为如何进行复制的指导。更严格地遵守最佳出版实践、研究设计和出版的透明度、加强独立的发表后同行评审,以及更有力地执行关于数据共享和利益冲突声明的规则,将使许多复制变得不必要。然而,要将这些措施从简单的认可推进到一致的实施,还有很长的路要走。鉴于对有问题的出版实践的强烈机构支持,进展将取决于个人和集体有效地利用社交媒体来揭露缺陷并要求改革。最近的一些事件凸显了这一必要性。