Mänty Minna, Kouvonen Anne, Lallukka Tea, Lahti Jouni, Lahelma Eero, Rahkonen Ossi
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FIN-00014, Finland.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016 Sep 1;42(5):405-12. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3574. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between pre-retirement physical working conditions and changes in physical health functioning during the retirement transition process.
Follow-up survey data were collected among ageing employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, at three time points: wave 1 (2000-2002), wave 2 (2007) and wave 3 (2012). We focused on those who retired full time due to old age between waves 1 and 3 (N=1658). Exposure to physical workload, occupational environmental hazards, and computer work were divided into quartiles and used as measures of pre-retirement physical working conditions. Physical health functioning was measured by the physical component summary (PCS) of the Short-Form 36 questionnaire. Repeated-measures analysis was used to study the associations.
Higher pre-retirement exposure to physical workload and environmental hazards was associated with lower physical health functioning before and after retirement. The differences in functioning narrowed somewhat during the retirement transition process, as physical health functioning in the higher exposure groups improved significantly compared to lower exposure groups. In addition, both high and low exposure to computer work were associated with lower functioning before retirement. However, functioning among those in the lowest exposure group improved during the follow-up whereas in all other exposure groups it declined slightly. This resulted into significantly lower post-retirement functioning among those in the highest as compared to the lower exposure groups.
Retirees with higher exposure to adverse physical working conditions before retirement had lower pre- and post-retirement physical health functioning despite improvements in their functioning during the retirement transition process.
本研究旨在探讨退休前身体工作条件与退休过渡过程中身体健康功能变化之间的关联。
在芬兰赫尔辛基市的老龄员工中，于三个时间点收集随访调查数据：第1波（2000 - 2002年）、第2波（2007年）和第3波（2012年）。我们关注的是在第1波和第3波之间因年老而全职退休的人员（N = 1658）。将身体工作量、职业环境危害和计算机工作的暴露情况分为四分位数，并用作退休前身体工作条件的衡量指标。身体健康功能通过简短形式36问卷的身体成分总结（PCS）来测量。采用重复测量分析来研究这些关联。
退休前较高的身体工作量和环境危害暴露与退休前后较低的身体健康功能相关。在退休过渡过程中，功能差异有所缩小，因为高暴露组的身体健康功能相比低暴露组有显著改善。此外，计算机工作的高暴露和低暴露在退休前均与较低的功能相关。然而，最低暴露组人员的功能在随访期间有所改善，而其他所有暴露组的功能略有下降。这导致最高暴露组退休后的功能显著低于较低暴露组。
退休前身体工作条件较差的退休人员，尽管在退休过渡过程中功能有所改善，但退休前后的身体健康功能仍较低。
