Singh Amit Kumar, Singh Rakesh, Subramani Rajkumar, Kumar Rajesh, Wankhede Dhammaprakash P
Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India.
Curr Genomics. 2016 Jun;17(3):177-92. doi: 10.2174/1389202917666160202215308.
Coarse grains are important group of crops that constitutes staple food for large population residing primarily in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Coarse grains are designated as nutri-cereals as they are rich in essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins. In spite of having several nutritional virtues in coarse grain as mentioned above, there is still scope for improvement in quality parameters such as cooking qualities, modulation of nutritional constituents and reduction or elimination of anti-nutritional factors. Besides its use in traditional cooking, coarse grains have been used mainly in the weaning food preparation and other malted food production. Improvement in quality parameters will certainly increase consumer's preference for coarse grains and increase their demand. The overall genetic gain in quality traits of economic importance in the cultivated varieties will enhance their industrial value and simultaneously increase income of farmers growing these varieties. The urgent step for improvement of quality traits in coarse grains requires a detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for varied level of different nutritional contents in different genotypes of these crops. In this review we have discussed the progresses made in understanding of coarse grain biology with various omics tool coupled with modern breeding approaches and the current status with regard to our effort towards dissecting traits related to improvement of quality and nutritional constituents of grains.
粗粮是重要的作物种类，是主要居住在世界干旱和半干旱地区的大量人口的主食。粗粮被称为营养谷物，因为它们富含必需氨基酸、矿物质和维生素。尽管粗粮具有上述多种营养优点，但在烹饪品质、营养成分调节以及减少或消除抗营养因子等质量参数方面仍有改进空间。除了用于传统烹饪外，粗粮主要用于断奶食品制备和其他麦芽食品生产。质量参数的改善肯定会增加消费者对粗粮的偏好并提高其需求量。栽培品种中具有经济重要性的品质性状的总体遗传增益将提高其工业价值，同时增加种植这些品种的农民的收入。改善粗粮品质性状的紧迫步骤需要详细了解导致这些作物不同基因型中不同营养成分含量不同的分子机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了利用各种组学工具结合现代育种方法在理解粗粮生物学方面取得的进展，以及我们在剖析与改善谷物品质和营养成分相关性状方面的努力现状。
