Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala SE-753 36, Sweden.
Institute of Evolutionary Sciences, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France.
Nat Rev Genet. 2016 Jul;17(7):422-33. doi: 10.1038/nrg.2016.58. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
Genetic polymorphism varies among species and within genomes, and has important implications for the evolution and conservation of species. The determinants of this variation have been poorly understood, but population genomic data from a wide range of organisms now make it possible to delineate the underlying evolutionary processes, notably how variation in the effective population size (Ne) governs genetic diversity. Comparative population genomics is on its way to providing a solution to 'Lewontin's paradox' - the discrepancy between the many orders of magnitude of variation in population size and the much narrower distribution of diversity levels. It seems that linked selection plays an important part both in the overall genetic diversity of a species and in the variation in diversity within the genome. Genetic diversity also seems to be predictable from the life history of a species.
遗传多态性在物种间和基因组内存在差异，对物种的进化和保护具有重要意义。这种变异的决定因素还不太清楚，但来自广泛生物的群体基因组数据现在使得描绘潜在的进化过程成为可能，特别是有效种群大小（Ne）的变化如何控制遗传多样性。比较群体基因组学正在为解决“Lewontin 悖论”提供一种方法——这一悖论是指种群大小变化的数量级与多样性水平的分布范围之间存在很大的差异。连锁选择似乎在物种的整体遗传多样性以及基因组内多样性的变化中都起着重要作用。遗传多样性似乎也可以从物种的生活史中预测。
