International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China.
IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Jul 5;50(13):7163-74. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01090. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
A large-scale monitoring program, the Asia Soil and Air Monitoring Program (Asia-SAMP), was conducted in five Asian countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and India. Air samples were collected using passive air samplers with polyurethane foam disks over four consecutive 3-month periods from September 2012 to August 2013 to measure the seasonal concentrations of 47 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including 21 parent and 26 alkylated PAHs, at 176 sites (11 background, 83 rural, and 82 urban). The annual concentrations of total 47 PAHs (∑47PAHs) at all sites ranged from 6.29 to 688 ng/m(3) with median of 82.2 ng/m(3). Air concentrations of PAHs in China, Vietnam, and India were greater than those in Japan and South Korea. As expected, the air concentrations (ng/m(3)) were highest at urban sites (143 ± 117) followed by rural (126 ± 147) and background sites (22.4 ± 11.4). Significant positive correlations were found between PAH concentrations and atmosphere aerosol optical depth. The average benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration (BaPeq) was 5.61 ng/m(3). It was estimated that the annual BaPeq concentrations at 78.8% of the sampling sites exceeded the WHO guideline level. The mean population attributable fraction (PAF) for lung cancer due to inhalation exposure to outdoor PAHs was on the order 8.8‰ (0.056-52‰) for China, 0.38‰ (0.007-3.2‰) for Japan, 0.85‰ (0.042-4.5‰) for South Korea, 7.5‰ (0.26-27‰) for Vietnam, and 3.2‰ (0.047-20‰) for India. We estimated a number of lifetime excess lung cancer cases caused by exposure to PAHs, which the concentrations ranging from 27.8 to 2200, 1.36 to 108, 2.45 to 194, 21.8 to 1730, and 9.10 to 720 per million people for China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and India, respectively. Overall, the lung cancer risk in China and Vietnam were higher than that in Japan, South Korea, and India.
一个大规模的监测计划，亚洲土壤和空气监测计划（Asia-SAMP），在中国、日本、韩国、越南和印度等五个亚洲国家进行。从 2012 年 9 月到 2013 年 8 月，使用聚氨酯泡沫圆盘的被动空气采样器连续采集了四个连续的 3 个月的空气样本，以测量 176 个地点（11 个背景、83 个农村和 82 个城市）中 47 种多环芳烃（PAHs）的季节性浓度，包括 21 种母体和 26 种烷基化 PAHs。所有地点的总 47 种多环芳烃（∑47PAHs）的年浓度范围为 6.29 至 688ng/m(3)，中位数为 82.2ng/m(3)。中国、越南和印度的空气多环芳烃浓度高于日本和韩国。正如预期的那样，城市地区（143±117）的空气浓度（ng/m(3)）最高，其次是农村地区（126±147）和背景地区（22.4±11.4）。发现 PAH 浓度与大气气溶胶光学深度呈显著正相关。苯并（a）芘等效浓度（BaPeq）的平均值为 5.61ng/m(3)。据估计，在 78.8%的采样点，户外多环芳烃吸入导致的年 BaPeq 浓度超过了世界卫生组织的指导水平。由于吸入暴露于户外多环芳烃而导致肺癌的平均人群归因分数（PAF）在中国为 8.8‰（0.056-52‰），在日本为 0.38‰（0.007-3.2‰），在韩国为 0.85‰（0.042-4.5‰），在越南为 7.5‰（0.26-27‰），在印度为 3.2‰（0.047-20‰）。我们估计了由于接触多环芳烃，在中国、日本、韩国、越南和印度，每百万人分别有 27.8 至 2200、1.36 至 108、2.45 至 194、21.8 至 1730 和 9.10 至 720 例的终生肺癌病例。总的来说，中国和越南的肺癌风险高于日本、韩国和印度。
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