Pombero Ana, Garcia-Lopez Raquel, Martinez Salvador
Intituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Av Ramon y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
Dev Growth Differ. 2016 Jun;58(5):469-80. doi: 10.1111/dgd.12296. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as progenitor cells that give rise to a number of unique, differentiated mesenchymal cell types. This concept has progressively evolved towards an all-encompassing concept including multipotent perivascular cells of almost any tissue. In central nervous system, pericytes are involved in blood-brain barrier, and angiogenesis and vascular tone regulation. They form the neurovascular unit (NVU) together with endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. This functional structure provides an optimal microenvironment for neural proliferation in the adult brain. Neurovascular niche include both diffusible signals and direct contact with endothelial and pericytes, which are a source of diffusible neurotrophic signals that affect neural precursors. Therefore, MSCs/pericyte properties such as differentiation capability, as well as immunoregulatory and paracrine effects make them a potential resource in regenerative medicine.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）被定义为能够产生多种独特的、分化的间充质细胞类型的祖细胞。这一概念已逐渐演变为一个涵盖范围更广的概念，包括几乎任何组织中的多能周细胞。在中枢神经系统中，周细胞参与血脑屏障、血管生成和血管张力调节。它们与内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞和神经元一起形成神经血管单元（NVU）。这种功能结构为成人大脑中的神经增殖提供了最佳的微环境。神经血管微环境包括可扩散信号以及与内皮细胞和周细胞的直接接触，内皮细胞和周细胞是影响神经前体细胞的可扩散神经营养信号的来源。因此，间充质干细胞/周细胞的特性，如分化能力以及免疫调节和旁分泌作用，使其成为再生医学中的一种潜在资源。
