Bes-Rastrollo Maira, Sayon-Orea Carmen, Ruiz-Canela Miguel, Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Jul;24(7):1410-26. doi: 10.1002/oby.21535. Epub 2016 Jun 6.
To conduct a comprehensive literature review in the field of added-sugar consumption on weight gain including the effect of fructose-containing caloric sweeteners and sugar taxation.
A search of three databases was conducted in the time period from the inception of the databases to August 2015. Sensitive search strategies were used in order to retrieve systematic reviews (SR) of fructose, sucrose, or sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on weight gain and metabolic adverse effects, conducted on humans and written in English, Spanish, or French. In addition, a review about SSB taxation and weight outcomes was conducted.
The search yielded 24 SRs about SSBs and obesity, 23 SRs on fructose or SSBs and metabolic adverse effects, and 24 studies about SSB taxation and weight control.
The majority of SRs, especially the most recent ones, with the highest quality and without any disclosed conflict of interest, suggested that the consumption of SSBs is a risk factor for obesity. The effect of fructose-containing caloric sweeteners, on weight gain is mediated by overconsumption of beverages with these sweeteners, leading to an extra provision of energy intake. The tax tool alone on added sugars appears insufficient to curb the obesity epidemic, but it needs to be included in a multicomponent structural strategy.
对添加糖消费与体重增加领域进行全面的文献综述，包括含果糖的热量甜味剂和糖税的影响。
在从数据库建立至2015年8月的时间段内，对三个数据库进行了检索。采用了敏感的检索策略，以检索关于果糖、蔗糖或含糖饮料（SSB）对体重增加和代谢不良反应的系统评价（SR），这些评价是针对人类进行的，并用英文、西班牙文或法文撰写。此外，还对SSB征税与体重结果进行了综述。
检索得到24篇关于SSB与肥胖的SR，23篇关于果糖或SSB与代谢不良反应的SR，以及24项关于SSB征税与体重控制的研究。
大多数SR，尤其是最新的、质量最高且无任何利益冲突披露的SR表明，饮用SSB是肥胖的一个风险因素。含果糖的热量甜味剂对体重增加的影响是通过过度饮用含有这些甜味剂的饮料介导的，导致额外的能量摄入。仅靠对添加糖征税这一工具似乎不足以遏制肥胖流行，但它需要纳入多成分的结构性策略中。
