TUM School of Management.
University Seeburg Castle.
J Appl Psychol. 2016 Sep;101(9):1319-28. doi: 10.1037/apl0000122. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Two experimental studies were conducted to investigate how the expression of pride shapes agency-related and communality-related judgments, and how those judgments differ when the pride expresser is a man or a woman. Results indicated that the expression of pride (as compared to the expression of happiness) had positive effects on perceptions of agency and inferences about task-oriented leadership competence, and negative effects on perceptions of communality and inferences about people-oriented leadership competence. Pride expression also elevated ascriptions of interpersonal hostility. For agency-related judgments and ascriptions of interpersonal hostility, these effects were consistently stronger when the pride expresser was a woman than a man. Moreover, the expression of pride was found to affect disparities in judgments about men and women, eliminating the stereotype-consistent differences that were evident when happiness was expressed. With a display of pride women were not seen as any more deficient in agency-related attributes and competencies, nor were they seen as any more exceptional in communality-related attributes and competencies, than were men. (PsycINFO Database Record
两项实验研究旨在探究骄傲的表达如何影响与能动性相关的判断和与社群性相关的判断，以及当表达骄傲的是男性还是女性时，这些判断有何不同。结果表明，与表达快乐相比，表达骄傲（相较于表达快乐）对能动性的感知和对任务导向型领导能力的推断有积极影响，对社群性的感知和对人员导向型领导能力的推断有消极影响。骄傲的表达还会增加人际敌意的归因。对于与能动性相关的判断和人际敌意的归因，当表达骄傲的是女性而不是男性时，这些影响更为强烈。此外，研究还发现，表达骄傲会影响对男性和女性的判断差异，消除了表达快乐时明显存在的与刻板印象一致的差异。当女性表现出骄傲时，她们在与能动性相关的属性和能力方面并不被认为比男性更欠缺，在与社群性相关的属性和能力方面也不被认为比男性更突出。
