Vadivelu Nalini, Schermer Erika, Kodumudi Gopal, Berger Jack M
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
California North State University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
CNS Drugs. 2016 Jul;30(7):637-46. doi: 10.1007/s40263-016-0357-0.
Opioids are the mainstay for treatment of acute pain and cancer pain, and also have a role in the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. There has been, however, a growing public health problem stemming from the misuse of opioid analgesics leading to serious consequences. To deter abuse, new formulations of extended-release opioid analgesics and tamper-resistant opioids have recently been developed. The concept of abuse-deterrent extended-release opioids is relatively new and, although abuse may not be completely prevented, the utilization of such abuse-deterrent extended-release opioids could reduce this risk. Extended-release abuse-deterrent opioids have been found to have important clinical applications in cancer, acute pain, and chronic non-malignant pain for analgesia control with decreased incidence of tampering and abuse. In this review, different extended-release formulations of opioids available for clinical applications are presented with descriptions of the formulations, their physical properties, and the clinical studies performed to provide physicians with a better understanding of their uses.
阿片类药物是治疗急性疼痛和癌症疼痛的主要药物，在慢性非恶性疼痛的治疗中也发挥着作用。然而，阿片类镇痛药的滥用引发了日益严重的公共卫生问题，导致了严重后果。为了遏制滥用，最近已开发出长效阿片类镇痛药的新剂型和抗篡改阿片类药物。抗滥用长效阿片类药物的概念相对较新，虽然可能无法完全防止滥用，但使用此类抗滥用长效阿片类药物可降低这种风险。已发现抗滥用长效阿片类药物在癌症、急性疼痛和慢性非恶性疼痛的镇痛控制方面具有重要的临床应用，可减少篡改和滥用的发生率。在本综述中，介绍了可用于临床应用的不同长效阿片类药物剂型，并描述了这些剂型、它们的物理性质以及所进行的临床研究，以便让医生更好地了解其用途。
