Brillante Luca, Belfiore Nicola, Gaiotti Federica, Lovat Lorenzo, Sansone Luigi, Poni Stefano, Tomasi Diego
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, CREA-VIT, Conegliano, Italy.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Scienze delle produzioni vegetali sostenibili, Piacenza, Italy.
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 13;11(6):e0156631. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156631. eCollection 2016.
Viticulture is widely practiced in dry regions, where the grapevine is greatly exposed to water stress. Optimizing plant water use efficiency (WUE) without affecting crop yield, grape and wine quality is crucial to limiting use of water for irrigation and to significantly improving viticulture sustainability. This study examines the use in vineyards of particle film technology (engineered kaolin) and compares it to a film-forming antitranspirant (pinolene), traditionally used to limit leaf water loss, and to an untreated control. The trial was carried out under field conditions over three growing seasons, during which moderate to very severe plant water stress (down to -1.9 MPa) was measured through stem water potential. Leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis rate (An) were measured during the seasons and used to compute intrinsic WUE (WUEi, defined as An/gs ratio). Leaf temperature was also recorded and compared between treatments. Bunch quantity, bunch and berry weight, sugar accumulation, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were measured. Finally, microvinifications were performed and resultant wines subjected to sensory evaluation.Results showed that the use of kaolin increased grapevine intrinsic WUE (+18% on average as compared to unsprayed vines) without affecting berry and bunch weight and quantity, or sugar level. Anthocyanin content increased (+35%) in kaolin treatment, and the wine was judged more attractive (p-value <0.05) and slightly more appreciated (p-value < 0.1) than control. Pinolene did not increase WUEi, limiting An more than gs; grapes with this treatment contained lower sugar and anthocyanin content than control, and the obtained wine was the least appreciated. This study demonstrates that particle film technology can improve vine WUEi and wine quality at the same time, while traditional antitranspirants were not as effective for these purposes. This positive effect can be used in interaction with other already-demonstrated uses of particle film technology, such as pest control and sunburn reduction, in order to achieve more sustainable vineyard management.
葡萄栽培在干旱地区广泛开展，在这些地区葡萄藤极易遭受水分胁迫。在不影响作物产量、葡萄及葡萄酒品质的前提下，优化植物水分利用效率（WUE）对于限制灌溉用水以及显著提高葡萄栽培的可持续性至关重要。本研究考察了颗粒膜技术（工程化高岭土）在葡萄园中的应用，并将其与传统上用于限制叶片水分流失的成膜抗蒸腾剂（蒎烯）以及未处理的对照进行比较。该试验在田间条件下进行了三个生长季，在此期间通过茎水势测量到了中度至非常严重的植物水分胁迫（低至-1.9兆帕）。在各季节测量了叶片气孔导度（gs）和光合速率（An），并用于计算内在水分利用效率（WUEi，定义为An/gs比值）。还记录了叶片温度并在各处理之间进行比较。测量了果穗数量、果穗和浆果重量、糖分积累、花青素和类黄酮含量。最后，进行了微型酿酒，并对所得葡萄酒进行感官评价。结果表明，使用高岭土可提高葡萄藤的内在水分利用效率（与未喷洒的葡萄藤相比平均提高18%），同时不影响浆果和果穗的重量、数量或糖分水平。高岭土处理的花青素含量增加（35%），并且该葡萄酒被判定比对照更具吸引力（p值<0.05）且稍更受喜爱（p值<0.1）。蒎烯未提高WUEi，对An的限制超过gs；该处理的葡萄含糖量和花青素含量低于对照，所得葡萄酒最不受喜爱。本研究表明，颗粒膜技术可同时提高葡萄藤的WUEi和葡萄酒品质，而传统抗蒸腾剂在这些方面效果不佳。这种积极作用可与颗粒膜技术已被证实的其他用途（如害虫防治和减少日灼）相互配合，以实现更可持续的葡萄园管理。
