Tye-Murray Nancy, Spehar Brent, Myerson Joel, Hale Sandra, Sommers Mitchell
Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine.
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis.
Psychol Aging. 2016 Jun;31(4):380-9. doi: 10.1037/pag0000094.
In this study of visual (V-only) and audiovisual (AV) speech recognition in adults aged 22-92 years, the rate of age-related decrease in V-only performance was more than twice that in AV performance. Both auditory-only (A-only) and V-only performance were significant predictors of AV speech recognition, but age did not account for additional (unique) variance. Blurring the visual speech signal decreased speech recognition, and in AV conditions involving stimuli associated with equivalent unimodal performance for each participant, speech recognition remained constant from 22 to 92 years of age. Finally, principal components analysis revealed separate visual and auditory factors, but no evidence of an AV integration factor. Taken together, these results suggest that the benefit that comes from being able to see as well as hear a talker remains constant throughout adulthood and that changes in this AV advantage are entirely driven by age-related changes in unimodal visual and auditory speech recognition. (PsycINFO Database Record
在这项针对22至92岁成年人的视觉(仅视觉)和视听语音识别研究中,仅视觉表现中与年龄相关的下降速率是视听表现下降速率的两倍多。仅听觉(仅听觉)和仅视觉表现都是视听语音识别的重要预测指标,但年龄并不能解释额外的(独特的)方差。模糊视觉语音信号会降低语音识别能力,并且在涉及每个参与者单峰表现相当的刺激的视听条件下,语音识别能力在22至92岁之间保持不变。最后,主成分分析揭示了单独的视觉和听觉因素,但没有视听整合因素的证据。综合来看,这些结果表明,在整个成年期,能够看到并听到说话者所带来的益处保持不变,并且这种视听优势的变化完全由单峰视觉和听觉语音识别中与年龄相关的变化所驱动。(PsycINFO数据库记录)