Division of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan ; Division of Cognitive Psychology, School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Japan.
Division of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2014 Apr 14;5:323. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00323. eCollection 2014.
Two experiments compared young and older adults in order to examine whether aging leads to a larger dependence on visual articulatory movements in auditory-visual speech perception. These experiments examined accuracy and response time in syllable identification for auditory-visual (AV) congruent and incongruent stimuli. There were also auditory-only (AO) and visual-only (VO) presentation modes. Data were analyzed only for participants with normal hearing. It was found that the older adults were more strongly influenced by visual speech than the younger ones for acoustically identical signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of auditory speech (Experiment 1). This was also confirmed when the SNRs of auditory speech were calibrated for the equivalent AO accuracy between the two age groups (Experiment 2). There were no aging-related differences in VO lipreading accuracy. Combined with response time data, this enhanced visual influence for the older adults was likely to be associated with an aging-related delay in auditory processing.
两项实验比较了年轻人和老年人，以检验衰老是否会导致在听觉-视觉言语感知中更多地依赖视觉发音运动。这些实验检验了在听觉-视觉（AV）一致和不一致刺激下音节识别的准确性和反应时间。还有仅听觉（AO）和仅视觉（VO）呈现模式。仅对听力正常的参与者进行数据分析。结果发现，在听觉语音的信噪比（SNR）相同的情况下，老年人比年轻人更容易受到视觉语音的影响（实验 1）。当根据两组之间的等效 AO 准确性来校准听觉语音的 SNR 时（实验 2），也得到了证实。VO 唇读准确性与年龄无关。结合反应时间数据，这种老年人的视觉影响增强可能与听觉处理的与年龄相关的延迟有关。
