Shimada K, Gasser R F
Department of Anatomy, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112.
Anat Rec. 1989 May;224(1):117-22. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092240115.
The pterygomandibular raphe as described in current anatomy textbooks is not supported by actual observations in cadavers. A study was made on 60 adult Caucasian and Negro cadavers (52 right and 58 left sides, giving a total of 110 sides) providing comparison with an earlier study on Japanese specimens. In addition, 50 fetuses (25 mm crown-rump length to term) were examined to determine the arrangement of the raphe prenatally. Variations in the morphology of the raphe region were classified into three types: Type A--only the upper portion of the raphe could be identified and had a broad, triangular shape. Type B--the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles were widely separated by a broad, fascial region. Type C--the raphe was absent with complete continuity of the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. A prominent, narrow, tendinous band with attachments as described in current textbooks was never found in adults. There was a complete absence of the raphe in 36% of the specimens resulting in continuity of the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles (type C). However, the remaining adult specimens (64%) exhibited some form of a broad, fascial region that either completely (type B, 36%) or partially (type A, 28%) separated the two muscles. All of the fetuses exhibited the type B arrangement exclusively, indicating that changes in the shape of the raphe occur postnatally. The frequency of appearance of the raphe types in adults differs significantly according to race.
当前解剖学教科书中所描述的翼下颌缝在尸体的实际观察中并未得到证实。对60具成年白种人和黑人尸体（右侧52例，左侧58例，共110侧）进行了研究，并与之前对日本标本的研究进行了比较。此外，检查了50例胎儿（头臀长25毫米至足月），以确定产前翼下颌缝的排列情况。翼下颌缝区域形态的变异分为三种类型：A型——只能识别缝的上部，呈宽阔的三角形。B型——颊肌和咽上缩肌被宽阔的筋膜区域广泛分开。C型——缝不存在，颊肌和咽上缩肌完全连续。在成年人中从未发现当前教科书中所描述的那种有附着的突出、狭窄的腱性带。36%的标本完全没有翼下颌缝，导致颊肌和咽上缩肌连续（C型）。然而，其余的成年标本（64%）表现出某种形式的宽阔筋膜区域，该区域要么完全（B型，36%）要么部分（A型，28%）分隔这两块肌肉。所有胎儿均仅表现为B型排列，表明翼下颌缝的形态变化发生在出生后。成年后翼下颌缝各类型出现的频率因种族而异。
