Scherr Kyle C, Alberts Kimberly M, Franks Andrew S, Hawkins Ian
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI.
Behav Sci Law. 2016 Jul;34(4):564-79. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2247. Epub 2016 Jun 14.
Suspects, especially innocent ones, are highly susceptible to waiving their interrogation rights. This research tested the ability of two strategies to overcome innocent suspects' willingness to waive their rights. One strategy was based on the social influence of scarcity (i.e., not constraining the pre-interrogation time limit). The other strategy focused on disrupting individuals' cognitive fluency during the decision-making process (i.e., violating their induced expectation of offering a waiver). Disrupting innocent individuals' cognitive fluency increased their willingness to invoke their rights and, notably, was not qualified by interactions with any other factors. However, scarcity did not influence individuals' pre-interrogation decision-making. Results also further established the association between innocent individuals' naïve mindset and their willingness to waive their rights - specifically, innocents' willingness to waive their rights increased with the strength of their just world beliefs. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. The importance and benefit of reforming pre-interrogation protocols using fair and feasible strategies that would disrupt suspects' cognitive fluency are emphasized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
嫌疑人，尤其是无辜的嫌疑人，极易放弃他们的审讯权利。本研究测试了两种策略克服无辜嫌疑人放弃权利意愿的能力。一种策略基于稀缺性的社会影响（即不限制审讯前的时间限制）。另一种策略则侧重于在决策过程中扰乱个体的认知流畅性（即违背他们做出放弃声明的预期）。扰乱无辜个体的认知流畅性会增加他们援引权利的意愿，值得注意的是，这不受与任何其他因素相互作用的影响。然而，稀缺性并未影响个体审讯前的决策。研究结果还进一步确立了无辜个体的天真心态与其放弃权利意愿之间的关联——具体而言，无辜者放弃权利的意愿会随着他们公正世界信念的强度而增加。讨论了这些发现的理论和应用意义。强调了使用公平可行的策略改革审讯前程序以扰乱嫌疑人认知流畅性的重要性和益处。版权所有© 2016约翰威立父子有限公司。
