Al-Saedi Zahraa, Zimmerman Allison, Bachu Rinda Devi, Dey Surajit, Shah Zahoor, Baugh Reginald, Boddu Sai H S
Department of Pharmacy Practice, The University of Toledo HSC, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave. (MS1013), Toledo, OH 43614.
Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(28):4470-90. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160614012634.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a tear film disorder resulting in hyperosmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. DED is also referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and dry eye syndrome. DED represents a significant public health issue, particularly in older adults, and needs more research and attention. Despite the urgent need for safe and effective pharmacotherapies, there is currently only one approved medication, Restasis®, to tackle DED. In this review article, we present an overview of DED, classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and risk factors of DED. Special emphasis is placed on current treatment options for DED such as artificial tears, lipid-containing lubricants, liposomal spray, inserts, anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant drops, antibiotics, dietary omega-3 essential fatty acids, autologous serum, intense-pulsed-light (IPL), punctual plugs, moisture-retaining eyeglasses, hydrophilic bandage contact lenses and secretagogues. The review also summarizes trends in DED treatment that are patented and are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
干眼症（DED）是一种泪膜紊乱疾病，可导致泪膜高渗和眼表炎症。干眼症也被称为干燥性角结膜炎（KCS）和干眼综合征。干眼症是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其在老年人中，需要更多的研究和关注。尽管迫切需要安全有效的药物治疗方法，但目前治疗干眼症的获批药物只有一种，即Restasis®。在这篇综述文章中，我们概述了干眼症、其分类、流行病学、病理生理学、诊断以及风险因素。特别强调了目前干眼症的治疗选择，如人工泪液、含脂质润滑剂、脂质体喷雾、眼内插入物、抗炎或免疫抑制滴眼液、抗生素、膳食ω-3必需脂肪酸、自体血清、强脉冲光（IPL）、泪小点塞、保湿眼镜、亲水性绷带隐形眼镜和促分泌剂。该综述还总结了干眼症治疗的专利趋势以及目前正在临床试验中研究的趋势。
