Pablo Beca Juan, Salas Sofía P
Rev Med Chil. 2016 Mar;144(3):371-6. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872016000300013.
The recent Ebola epidemic that affected several countries in Africa, with very high mortality and a pandemic threat, posed problems of justice, public health, prevention, treatment and research, each of which has relevant ethical issues. Despite severe initial difficulties, an effective international response was achieved, whose outcome has left significant teachings to be considered in order to deal with future epidemics or pandemics. In this article, the authors analyze the main problems faced during the Ebola epidemic, including the unequal distribution of health resources between countries, the need for international collaboration, the requirement for a review of the ethical standards of clinical trials in emergencies, and the necessity of an organized global system of prevention and timely response to these outbreaks. Authors conclude that at the present time health is a global issue without borders, that insufficient healthcare resources in some countries poses risks and affects all countries and that the confrontation of the threats of epidemics requires a solution based in universal solidarity. At the same time, a moral duty to investigate should be acknowledged, seeking a balance between sense of urgency, scientific rigor and involvement of local communities.
近期埃博拉疫情波及非洲多个国家,死亡率极高且存在大流行威胁,引发了司法、公共卫生、预防、治疗及研究等方面的问题,其中每一个问题都涉及相关伦理议题。尽管初期困难重重,但国际社会还是做出了有效的应对,其成果留下了诸多值得思考的重要经验教训,以便应对未来的流行病或大流行疫情。在本文中,作者分析了埃博拉疫情期间面临的主要问题,包括各国卫生资源分配不均、国际合作的必要性、紧急情况下对临床试验伦理标准进行审查的要求,以及建立有组织的全球预防体系并及时应对这些疫情爆发的必要性。作者得出结论,目前健康是一个无国界的全球性问题,一些国家医疗资源不足会带来风险并影响所有国家,应对疫情威胁需要基于全球团结的解决方案。同时,应承认调查的道德责任,在紧迫感、科学严谨性和当地社区参与之间寻求平衡。