Alcaraz C, Bansinath M, Turndorf H, Puig M M
Department of Anesthesiology, NYU Medical Center, NY 10016.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1989 Jan-Feb;297:133-47.
The cardiovascular effects of morphine were determined in anesthetized dogs at 37 and 30 degrees C. Intravenous (i.v., 1 mg/kg) but not intracisternal (i.c., 0.1 mg/kg) morphine produced a significant cardiovascular depression only at 30 degrees C. These effects were antagonized by i.v. naloxone (1 mg/kg) suggesting a peripherally mediated opiate mechanism. Moreover, hypothermia significantly increased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid morphine levels and enhanced the morphine-induced histamine release. The results suggest that opiates could have detrimental effects in patients with poor cardiovascular reserve in which high doses of opiates and hypothermia may be used concomitantly.
在37摄氏度和30摄氏度条件下，对麻醉犬的心血管效应进行了测定。静脉注射（i.v.，1毫克/千克）而非脑池内注射（i.c.，0.1毫克/千克）吗啡，仅在30摄氏度时产生显著的心血管抑制。静脉注射纳洛酮（1毫克/千克）可拮抗这些效应，提示存在外周介导的阿片类机制。此外，低温显著提高血浆和脑脊液吗啡水平，并增强吗啡诱导的组胺释放。结果表明，在心血管储备较差的患者中，阿片类药物可能产生有害影响，这些患者可能同时使用高剂量阿片类药物和低温治疗。
