Kariman Nourossadat, Amerian Maliheh, Jannati Padideh, Salmani Fatemeh, Hamzekhani Mazlumeh
Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Glob J Health Sci. 2016 Oct 1;8(10):55381. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n10p24.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Normal fertility follows a set of biological, social and cultural rules and regulations; controlled fertility, however, follows the rules and regulations of the family. The present study was therefore conducted to identify the factors influencing the first childbearing decision-making in women living in Shahroud, Iran, in 2014.
MATERIALS & METHODS: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 randomly-selected pregnant women admitted to health centers in Shahroud. The utilized data collection tools included a demographic and obstetrics questionnaire, a quality of life questionnaire, the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Snyder Hope Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed in SPSS-17 and the direct or inverse effects of the factors influencing the first childbearing decision-making were examined in AMOS-20.
The results obtained revealed marital age to have the highest degree of correlation with the first childbearing decision-making in women (r=0.90 and P<0.001).Once the statistically insignificant paths were eliminated, marital age was found to have the highest direct effect (β=0.63) on the first childbearing decision-making, followed by other factors including economic status (β=0.07), hopefulness (β=-0.07) and quality of life (β=-0.05). The inverse effects of marital age (β=0.01), social support (β= -0.01) and quality of life (β=-0.01) on the first childbearing decision-making were found to be significant in women (P<0.001).
Many factors are involved in the process of childbearing decision-making, including individual factors (marital age, hopefulness and quality of life), familial factors (marital satisfaction) and social factors (social support). Healthcare institutions and policymakers should adopt strategies that can help couples bear their desired number of children within an appropriate time frame through ameliorating their social, economic and familial conditions.
正常生育遵循一系列生物学、社会和文化规则；然而，计划生育则遵循家庭的规则。因此，本研究旨在确定2014年居住在伊朗沙赫鲁德的女性首次生育决策的影响因素。
本描述性横断面研究对沙赫鲁德健康中心随机选取的300名孕妇进行。所使用的数据收集工具包括人口统计学和产科问卷、生活质量问卷、ENRICH婚姻满意度量表、斯奈德希望量表和多维感知社会支持量表。数据在SPSS-17中进行分析，并在AMOS-20中检验影响首次生育决策的因素的直接或间接效应。
所得结果显示，婚姻年龄与女性首次生育决策的相关性最高（r=0.90，P<0.001）。排除统计学上无显著意义的路径后，发现婚姻年龄对首次生育决策的直接效应最高（β=0.63），其次是其他因素，包括经济状况（β=0.07）、希望感（β=-0.07）和生活质量（β=-0.05）。婚姻年龄（β=0.01）、社会支持（β=-0.01）和生活质量（β=-0.01）对女性首次生育决策的间接效应显著（P<0.001）。
生育决策过程涉及许多因素，包括个人因素（婚姻年龄、希望感和生活质量）、家庭因素（婚姻满意度）和社会因素（社会支持）。医疗机构和政策制定者应采取策略，通过改善社会、经济和家庭状况，帮助夫妇在适当的时间内生育他们期望数量的孩子。
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