Kariman Nourossadat, Hashemi Seyyedeh Sara Baki, Ghanbari Shahla, Pourhoseingholi Mohammad Amin, Alimoradi Zainab, Fakari Farzaneh Rashidi
Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2020 Apr 28;9:96. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_2_20. eCollection 2020.
Childbearing is an important biological and social event in the life of most women. It is a voluntary behavior that can be affected by many factors. Behavioral theories are a potential path way to study and influence childbearing behavior. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on childbearing intentions in women presenting to premarital counseling centers in Tehran.
This randomized controlled quasi-experimental study was conducted on 150 women aged 20-35 years presenting to premarital counseling centers. The participating women were randomly divided into an intervention ( = 75) and a control ( = 75) group using randomized sampling in Excel. The intervention group received two 90-min sessions of training. The effect of training was assessed 6 weeks after the intervention using the researcher-made questionnaire based on the components of the TPB. The questionnaires included subjects' demographic details, knowledge (11 items), attitude (13 items), subjective norms (10 items), perceived behavioral control (8 items), and behavioral intention (4 items). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and independent -test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon test. <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
There were significant differences between the intervention and control group after the intervention in the Mean ± SD scores of knowledge (6.73 ± 2.63 vs. 4.73 ± 2.85, = 0.001), attitude (48.23 ± 7.19 vs. 40.13 ± 5.80, = 0.001), perceived behavioral control (33.19 ± 5.28 vs. 23.59 ± 3.47, = 0.001), and behavioral intention (13.84 ± 2.95 vs. 11.77 ± 2.12, = 0.027).
The findings showed that an education based on the TPB increased women's childbearing intentions by affecting their knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention. It is therefore essential to implement better public policies, create a more conducive educational setting for women of different age groups, and build a social support system.
生育是大多数女性生活中一项重要的生理和社会事件。它是一种受多种因素影响的自愿行为。行为理论是研究和影响生育行为的一条潜在途径。本研究旨在确定基于计划行为理论（TPB）的教育干预对前往德黑兰婚前咨询中心的女性生育意愿的影响。
本随机对照准实验研究对150名年龄在20 - 35岁、前往婚前咨询中心的女性进行。使用Excel中的随机抽样方法将参与研究的女性随机分为干预组（n = 75）和对照组（n = 75）。干预组接受两次各90分钟的培训课程。干预6周后，使用基于TPB各组成部分的研究者自编问卷评估培训效果。问卷包括受试者的人口统计学细节、知识（11项）、态度（13项）、主观规范（10项）、感知行为控制（8项）和行为意愿（4项）。数据采用SPSS软件（版本22）进行分析，使用独立t检验、卡方检验、曼 - 惠特尼U检验和威尔科克森检验。P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
干预后，干预组和对照组在知识（均值±标准差得分：6.73 ± 2.63 vs. 4.73 ± 2.85，P = 0.001）、态度（48.23 ± 7.19 vs. 40.13 ± 5.80，P = 0.001）、感知行为控制（33.19 ± 5.28 vs. 23.59 ± 3.47，P = 0.001）和行为意愿（13.84 ± 2.95 vs. 11.77 ± 2.12，P = 0.027）的均值±标准差得分方面存在显著差异。
研究结果表明，基于TPB的教育通过影响女性的知识、态度、感知行为控制和意愿，提高了她们的生育意愿。因此，实施更好的公共政策、为不同年龄组的女性创造更有利的教育环境以及建立社会支持系统至关重要。
