DePavia Adela, Jonasch Eric, Liu Xian-De
Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA.
Mol Cell Oncol. 2016 Mar 16;3(2):e1104428. doi: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1104428. eCollection 2016 Mar.
Hypoxia inducible factors are subjected to degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. The E3 ligases, ubiquitination, autophagy receptor proteins, and oxygen are determinants that direct hypoxia-inducible factors to different degradation pathways.