Crespo Rocio, Badcoe Lyndon M, Williams Cheryl, Bary Andrew I
A Avian Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab, Washington State University, 2607 West Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371.
B Animal Health, Washington Department of Agriculture, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98504-2560.
Avian Dis. 2016 Jun;60(2):506-10. doi: 10.1637/11341-120615-ResNote.
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) was diagnosed in a pullet farm in Washington in 2014. Infectious bursal disease virus is resistant to many environmental stresses and often persists on farms for months. There have been conflicting reports as to whether composting can destroy vvIBDV in the manure. This project investigated the composting of litter from the affected house using an aerated static pile to inactivate the virus. Two weeks before the affected pullet flocks were moved to the layer house, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) birds were placed in the barns. Ten days after they were placed, three SPF birds died and were positive for vvIBDV. Thirty percent of the SPF birds were positive for vvIBDV. After the pullets were moved, at 20 wk of age, the litter in the house was composted using the aerated static pile method. The pile was maintained at above 55 C for 4 wk. After this time, 30 additional SPF birds were placed on the composted material. Two weeks later, the birds were healthy and there was no evidence of vvIBDV. The subsequent pullet flock did not break with vvIBDV. These results demonstrate that this composting method can be used to decontaminate the litter from vvIBDV and help prevent the spread of vvIBDV.
2014年，在华盛顿的一个小母鸡养殖场诊断出了超强毒传染性法氏囊病病毒（vvIBDV）。传染性法氏囊病病毒对许多环境压力具有抗性，并且常常在养殖场持续存在数月。关于堆肥是否能杀灭粪便中的vvIBDV，一直存在相互矛盾的报道。该项目利用通气静态堆肥法对受感染鸡舍的垫料进行堆肥处理，以灭活病毒。在受感染的小母鸡群转移到蛋鸡舍前两周，将无特定病原体（SPF）鸡放入鸡舍。放入后十天，三只SPF鸡死亡，且检测出vvIBDV呈阳性。30%的SPF鸡vvIBDV呈阳性。小母鸡转移后，在20周龄时，对鸡舍内的垫料采用通气静态堆肥法进行堆肥处理。堆肥温度维持在55℃以上达4周。此后，又有30只SPF鸡被放置在堆肥后的垫料上。两周后，这些鸡健康状况良好，没有vvIBDV感染的迹象。随后的小母鸡群也未感染vvIBDV。这些结果表明这种堆肥方法可用于净化受vvIBDV污染的垫料，并有助于防止vvIBDV的传播。
