Foley J P, Bird S R, White J A
Department of Movement Studies, Christ Church College, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland.
Br J Sports Med. 1989 Mar;23(1):30-3. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.23.1.30.
An anthropometric analysis was conducted upon 36 competitive male cyclists (mean age 23.4 years) who had been competing on average for 8.2 years. Cyclists were allocated to one of four groups; sprint, pursuit, road and time trial according to their competitive strengths. The sample included cyclists who were classified as category 1, 2, 3 or professional (British Cycling Federation and Professional Cycling Association). The sprint cyclists were significantly shorter and more mesomorphic than the other three groups (p less than 0.05). The time trialists were the tallest, most ectomorphic group, having the longest legs (p less than 0.01), the highest leg length/height ratio (p less than 0.05) and the greatest bitrochanteric width (p less than 0.05). The pursuit and road cyclists were found to have similar physiques, which were located between those of the sprinters and time trialists. The biomechanical implications of these differences in physique may be related to the high rate of pedal revolutions required by sprinters and the higher gear ratios used by time trialists.
对36名男性职业自行车运动员（平均年龄23.4岁）进行了人体测量分析，这些运动员平均参赛年限为8.2年。根据他们的竞技优势，自行车运动员被分为四个组：短跑、追逐、公路和计时赛。样本包括被归类为1级、2级、3级或职业选手（英国自行车联合会和职业自行车协会）的自行车运动员。短跑自行车运动员比其他三组明显更矮且体格更健壮（p小于0.05）。计时赛选手是最高、最瘦长的一组，腿最长（p小于0.01），腿长/身高比最高（p小于0.05），大转子间宽度最大（p小于0.05）。发现追逐赛和公路自行车运动员的体格相似，介于短跑运动员和计时赛选手之间。这些体格差异的生物力学影响可能与短跑运动员所需的高踏频以及计时赛选手使用的更高传动比有关。
