Han Dawei, Young Bruce A
Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine/Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2016 Sep;299(9):1270-80. doi: 10.1002/ar.23382. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
Amphibious vertebrates, such as the water monitor (Varanus salvator), require anatomical and/or neural specializations to cope with pressure changes on the tympanic membrane when transiting between air and water. V. salvator has internally coupled ears which are distinguished by (patent) anatomical conduits through the skull linking the middle ear cavities on both sides of the head. We describe a small skeletal muscle in V. salvator which inserts onto the middle ear ossicle and the tympanic membrane. Laser doppler vibrometry demonstrates that contraction of this muscle both increases the vibrational velocity of the tympanic membrane and changes the waveform pattern of the tympanic displacement. The combined anatomical and functional results suggest that V. salvator is capable of actively modulating the tension of the tympanic membrane. Anat Rec, 299:1270-1280, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
两栖脊椎动物，如水巨蜥（Varanus salvator），在空气和水之间转换时，需要解剖学和/或神经学上的特殊结构来应对鼓膜上的压力变化。水巨蜥具有内部相连的耳朵，其特征是有（开放的）解剖学管道穿过头骨，连接头部两侧的中耳腔。我们描述了水巨蜥体内一块插入中耳听小骨和鼓膜的小骨骼肌。激光多普勒振动测量法表明，这块肌肉的收缩既增加了鼓膜的振动速度，又改变了鼓膜位移的波形模式。解剖学和功能学的综合结果表明，水巨蜥能够主动调节鼓膜的张力。《解剖学记录》，299:1270 - 1280，2016年。© 2016威利期刊公司。
