Pazzaglia Ugo E, Congiu Terenzio, Sibilia Valeria, Pagani Francesca, Benetti Anna, Zarattini Guido
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
J Morphol. 2016 Sep;277(9):1187-98. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20568. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
The chondrocyte maturation cycle and endochondral ossification were studied in human, fetal cartilage Anlagen and in postnatal meta-epiphyses. The relationship between the lacunar area, the inter-territorial fibril network variations, and calcium phosphorus nucleation in primary and secondary ossification centers were assessed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphometry. The Anlage topographic, zonal classification was derived from the anatomical nomenclature of the completely developed long bone (diaphysis, metaphyses and epiphyses). A significant increase in the chondrocyte lacunar area was documented in the Anlage of epiphyseal zones 4 and 3 to zone 2 (metaphysis) and zone 1 (diaphysis), with the highest variation from zone 2 to zone 1. An inverse reduction in the intercellular matrix area and matrix interfibrillar empty space was also documented. These findings are consistent with the osmotic passage of free cartilage water from the interfibrillar space into the swelling chondrocytes, which increased the ion concentrations to a critical threshold for mineral precipitation in the matrix. The mineralized cartilage served as a scaffold for osteoblast apposition both in primary and secondary ossification centers and in the metaphyseal growth plate cartilage, though at different periods of bone Anlage development and with distinct patterns for each zone. All developmental processes shared a common initial pathway but progressed at different rates, modes and organization in diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis. In the ossification phase the developing vascular supply appeared to play a key role in determining the cortical or trabecular structure of the long bones. J. Morphol. 277:1187-1198, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
在人类胎儿软骨原基和出生后干骺端研究了软骨细胞成熟周期和软骨内成骨。使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）形态测量法评估了初级和次级骨化中心的腔隙面积、区域间纤维网络变化与钙磷成核之间的关系。原基的地形学、区域分类源自完全发育的长骨（骨干、干骺端和骨骺）的解剖学命名法。在骨骺区4和3的原基到2区（干骺端）和1区（骨干），记录到软骨细胞腔隙面积显著增加，从2区到1区变化最大。还记录到细胞间基质面积和基质纤维间空隙的反向减少。这些发现与游离软骨水从纤维间空间向肿胀的软骨细胞的渗透通道一致，这将离子浓度提高到基质中矿物质沉淀的临界阈值。矿化软骨在初级和次级骨化中心以及干骺端生长板软骨中都作为成骨细胞附着的支架，尽管在骨原基发育的不同时期，每个区域的模式不同。所有发育过程都有一个共同的初始途径，但在骨干、干骺端和骨骺中以不同的速率、模式和组织方式进行。在骨化阶段，发育中的血管供应似乎在决定长骨的皮质或小梁结构方面起关键作用。《形态学杂志》277:1187 - 1198，2016年。©2016威利期刊公司。
