Hamid Sama, Abuaffan Amal H
Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Department of Orthodontic, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Sep;266:209-214. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.018. Epub 2016 May 26.
Facial soft tissue thickness is essential to orthodontists and plastic surgeons for treatment planning, and to forensic anthropologists for facial reconstruction, a process combining science and art to recreate a recognizable face from an unidentified skull. The facial profile, together with the age and sex of a person, is related to facial soft tissue thickness, which is required for accurate facial reconstruction and recognition. Skeletal occlusions in orthodontics are classified according to the basic human facial profiles: straight, convex, and concave or skeletal class I, II, and III, respectively. In the present study, the facial soft tissue thickness of 233 Sudanese subjects (105 men and 128 women), ranging in age from 18 to 35 years, with different facial profiles at 20 landmarks was measured (10 soft tissue and 10 dentoskeletal). Sexual dimorphism was noted, with males having thicker facial soft tissue at all measured points. The facial soft tissue thickness varied among different occlusions. Individuals with skeletal class II occlusion had the thickest lower lip, and class III individuals had the thickest upper lip. In general, the Sudanese sample had a unique spectrum of measurements, with thick upper and lower lips, compared with African and Caucasoid subjects, pointing to the need for ethnic-specific data.
面部软组织厚度对于正畸医生和整形外科医生进行治疗规划至关重要，对于法医人类学家进行面部重建也很关键，面部重建是一个将科学与艺术相结合，从未知颅骨重塑出可识别面部的过程。面部轮廓以及人的年龄和性别与面部软组织厚度相关，而面部软组织厚度是准确进行面部重建和识别所必需的。正畸学中的骨骼咬合根据基本的人类面部轮廓进行分类：分别为直面型、凸面型和凹面型，或骨骼I类、II类和III类。在本研究中，测量了233名年龄在18至35岁之间、具有不同面部轮廓的苏丹受试者（105名男性和128名女性）在20个标志点处的面部软组织厚度（10个软组织标志点和10个牙骨骼标志点）。观察到了性别二态性，男性在所有测量点的面部软组织都更厚。不同咬合类型的面部软组织厚度有所不同。骨骼II类咬合的个体下唇最厚，骨骼III类个体上唇最厚。总体而言，与非洲人和白种人受试者相比，苏丹样本具有独特的测量范围，其上下唇较厚，这表明需要特定种族的数据。
