Health Secur. 2016 May-Jun;14(3):173-84. doi: 10.1089/hs.2016.0029.
Super Bowl XLIX took place on February 1, 2015, in Glendale, Arizona. In preparation for this event and associated activities, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH) developed methods for enhanced surveillance, situational awareness, and early detection of public health emergencies. Surveillance strategies implemented from January 22 to February 6, 2015, included enhanced surveillance alerts; animal disease surveillance; review of NFL clinic visits; syndromic surveillance for emergency room visits, urgent care facilities, and hotels; real-time onsite syndromic surveillance; all-hazards mortality surveillance; emergency medical services surveillance, review of poison control center reports; media surveillance; and aberration detection algorithms for notifiable diseases. Surveillance results included increased influenzalike illness activity reported from urgent care centers and a few influenza cases reported in the NFL clinic. A cyanide single event exposure was investigated and determined not to be a public health threat. Real-time field syndromic surveillance documented minor injuries at all events and sporadic cases of gastrointestinal and neurological (mostly headaches) disease. Animal surveillance reports included a cat suspected of carrying plague and tularemia and an investigation of highly pathogenic avian influenza in a backyard chicken flock. Laboratory results in both instances were negative. Aberration detection and syndromic surveillance detected an increase in measles reports associated with a Disneyland exposure, and syndromic surveillance was used successfully during this investigation. Coordinated enhanced epidemiologic surveillance during Super Bowl XLIX increased the response capacity and preparedness of MCDPH to make informed decisions and take public health actions in a timely manner during these mass gathering events.
第 49 届超级碗于 2015 年 2 月 1 日在亚利桑那州格伦代尔举行。为了筹备此次活动和相关活动，马里科帕县公共卫生部制定了加强监测、了解情况和及早发现突发公共卫生事件的方法。2015 年 1 月 22 日至 2 月 6 日实施的监测策略包括加强监测警报、动物疾病监测、审查 NFL 诊所就诊情况、对急诊室就诊、紧急护理设施和酒店进行综合征监测、实时现场综合征监测、全危害死亡率监测、紧急医疗服务监测、审查中毒控制中心报告、媒体监测以及对法定传染病的偏差检测算法。监测结果包括来自紧急护理中心的流感样疾病活动增加，以及 NFL 诊所报告的少数流感病例。对一起氰化物单一事件暴露进行了调查，确定不会对公众健康构成威胁。实时现场综合征监测记录了所有活动中的轻微伤害以及胃肠道和神经系统（主要是头痛）疾病的散发病例。动物监测报告包括一只疑似携带鼠疫和野兔热的猫，以及对后院鸡群中高致病性禽流感的调查。这两种情况下的实验室结果均为阴性。偏差检测和综合征监测发现，与迪士尼乐园暴露相关的麻疹报告有所增加，并且在此次调查中成功使用了综合征监测。第 49 届超级碗期间协调加强的流行病学监测提高了马里科帕县公共卫生部的应对能力和准备程度，以便在这些大规模集会活动中及时做出明智决策并采取公共卫生行动。
