Baumgarte Thomas W, Gundlach Carsten
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine 04011, USA.
Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Jun 3;116(22):221103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.221103.
We present results from the first fully relativistic simulations of the critical collapse of rotating radiation fluids. We observe critical scaling both in subcritical evolutions-in which case the fluid disperses to infinity and leaves behind flat space-and in supercritical evolutions, which lead to the formation of black holes. We measure the mass and angular momentum of these black holes, and find that both show critical scaling with critical exponents that are consistent with perturbative results. The critical exponents are universal: they are not affected by angular momentum, and are independent of the direction in which the critical curve, which separates subcritical from supercritical evolutions in our two-dimensional parameter space, is crossed. In particular, these findings suggest that the angular momentum decreases more rapidly than the square of the mass, so that, as criticality is approached, the collapse leads to the formation of a nonspinning black hole. We also demonstrate excellent agreement of our numerical data with new closed-form extensions of power-law scalings that describe the mass and angular momentum of rotating black holes formed close to criticality.
我们展示了旋转辐射流体临界坍缩的首次完全相对论模拟结果。我们在亚临界演化（在这种情况下，流体扩散到无穷远并留下平坦空间）和超临界演化中都观察到了临界标度，超临界演化会导致黑洞的形成。我们测量了这些黑洞的质量和角动量，发现两者都呈现出临界标度，其临界指数与微扰结果一致。临界指数是普适的：它们不受角动量影响，并且与在我们的二维参数空间中分隔亚临界和超临界演化的临界曲线的交叉方向无关。特别地，这些发现表明角动量的减小比质量的平方更快，因此，随着接近临界状态，坍缩会导致形成一个无自旋黑洞。我们还证明了我们的数值数据与描述接近临界状态形成的旋转黑洞质量和角动量的幂律标度新的封闭形式扩展具有极好的一致性。
