Lima D C, Braz G T, Dos Reis G B, Techio V H, Davide L C, de F B Abreu A
Departmento de Biologia/Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2016 May 23;15(2):gmr7749. doi: 10.4238/gmr.15027749.
The common bean has great social and economic importance in Brazil and is the subject of a high number of publications, especially in the fields of genetics and breeding. Breeding programs aim to increase grain yield; however, mitosis and meiosis represent under explored research areas that have a direct impact on grain yield. Therefore, the study of cell division could be another tool available to bean geneticists and breeders. The aim of this study was to investigate irregularities occurring during the cell cycle and meiosis in common bean. The common bean cultivar used was BRSMG Talismã, which owing to its high yield and grain quality is recommended for cultivation in Brazil. We classified the interphase nuclei, estimated the mitotic and meiotic index, grain pollen viability, and percentage of abnormalities in both processes. The mitotic index was 4.1%, the interphase nucleus was non-reticulated, and 19% of dividing somatic cells showed abnormal behavior. Meiosis also presented irregularities resulting in a meiotic index of 44.6%. Viability of pollen grains was 94.3%. These results indicate that the common bean cultivar BRSMG Talismã possesses repair mechanisms that compensate for changes by producing a large number of pollen grains. Another important strategy adopted by bean plants to ensure stability is the elimination of abnormal cells by apoptosis. As the common bean cultivar BRSMG Talismã is recommended for cultivation because of its good agronomic performance, it can be concluded that mitotic and meiotic irregularities have no negative influence on its grain quality and yield.
普通菜豆在巴西具有重大的社会和经济意义，是大量出版物的主题，特别是在遗传学和育种领域。育种计划旨在提高谷物产量；然而，有丝分裂和减数分裂是尚未充分探索的研究领域，对谷物产量有直接影响。因此，细胞分裂的研究可能是菜豆遗传学家和育种者可用的另一种工具。本研究的目的是调查普通菜豆细胞周期和减数分裂过程中出现的异常情况。所使用的普通菜豆品种是BRSMG Talismã，由于其高产和谷物品质，在巴西被推荐用于种植。我们对间期细胞核进行了分类，估计了有丝分裂和减数分裂指数、花粉活力以及这两个过程中的异常百分比。有丝分裂指数为4.1%，间期细胞核无网状结构，19%的分裂体细胞表现出异常行为。减数分裂也出现了异常，减数分裂指数为44.6%。花粉粒活力为94.3%。这些结果表明，普通菜豆品种BRSMG Talismã具有修复机制，通过产生大量花粉粒来补偿变化。菜豆植物为确保稳定性而采用的另一个重要策略是通过细胞凋亡消除异常细胞。由于普通菜豆品种BRSMG Talismã因其良好的农艺性能而被推荐用于种植，可以得出结论，有丝分裂和减数分裂异常对其谷物品质和产量没有负面影响。
