Yasumiba Kiyomi, Duffy Richard L, Parsons Scott A, Alford Ross A, Schwarzkopf Lin
College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 22;6:28158. doi: 10.1038/srep28158.
Advertisement calls tend to differ among populations, based on morphological and environmental factors, or simply geographic distance, in many taxa. Invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) were introduced to Australia in 1935 and their distribution has expanded at increasing rates over time. Rapid evolution occurred in morphological and behavioural characters that accelerate dispersal, but the effects of rapid expansion on sexual signals have not been examined. We collected advertisement calls from four populations of different ages since invasion, and analysed the geographic differentiation of seven call parameters. Our comparisons indicate that the calls of R. marina differ among Australian populations. The signal variation was not simply clinal with respect to population age, climate, or morphological differentiation. We suggest that selection on signalling among populations has been idiosyncratic and may reflect local female preferences or adaptation to environmental factors that are not clinal such as energy availability.
在许多分类群中，基于形态和环境因素，或仅仅是地理距离，不同种群之间的求偶叫声往往存在差异。入侵性蔗蟾（海蟾蜍，Rhinella marina）于1935年被引入澳大利亚，随着时间的推移，其分布范围以越来越快的速度扩大。在加速扩散的形态和行为特征方面发生了快速进化，但快速扩张对性信号的影响尚未得到研究。我们收集了自入侵以来四个不同年龄种群的求偶叫声，并分析了七个叫声参数的地理分化情况。我们的比较表明，澳大利亚不同种群的海蟾蜍叫声存在差异。信号变异并非简单地随着种群年龄、气候或形态分化呈渐变。我们认为，种群间信号传递的选择是独特的，可能反映了当地雌性的偏好，或者是对非渐变的环境因素（如能量可用性）的适应。
