Wright Anne J, Haddad Mirna
Department of Paediatric Nephrourology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone 264, Rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017 Jan;21(1):67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 May 27.
Both non-invasive and invasive electroneurostimulation (ENS) modalities for bladder bowel dysfunction have been studied and reported in children. A summary of the proposed mechanism of actions and the more commonly used and recently reported techniques and outcomes are described. This includes transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, functional electrical nerve stimulation, intravesical electrical nerve stimulation, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and sacral neuromodulation in conditions including overactive bladder, enuresis, dysfunctional voiding, constipation, combined bladder bowel dysfunction and neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction. There is a need for further high quality randomised trials as well as long-term outcomes to establish whether ENS is able to alter the long-term trajectory for an individual child with bladder bowel dysfunction.
针对儿童膀胱肠道功能障碍的非侵入性和侵入性神经电刺激（ENS）方式均已得到研究并报告。本文描述了其作用机制、更常用及近期报道的技术和结果的总结。这包括经皮电神经刺激、功能性电神经刺激、膀胱内电神经刺激、经皮胫神经刺激和骶神经调节，适用于包括膀胱过度活动症、遗尿症、排尿功能障碍、便秘、膀胱肠道联合功能障碍以及神经性膀胱和肠道功能障碍等情况。需要进一步开展高质量的随机试验以及长期随访结果研究，以确定ENS是否能够改变患有膀胱肠道功能障碍儿童的长期病程。
