Liu Qiaofei, Chen Yu, Li Weiwei, Liu Yang, Han Juan, Wen Xiaoxia, Liao Yuncheng
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 22;6:28150. doi: 10.1038/srep28150.
A 2-year field experiment was conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) to explore effective ways to decrease soil CO2 emissions and increase grain yield. Treatments established were: (1) no mulching with urea, (2) no mulching with controlled release fertiliser (CRF), (3) transparent plastic-film mulching (PMt) with urea, (4) PMt with CRF, (5) black plastic-film mulching (PMb) with urea, and (6) PMb with CRF. During the early growth stages, soil CO2 emissions were noted as PMt > PMb > no mulching, and this order was reversed in the late growth stages. This trend was the result of topsoil temperature dynamics. There were no significant correlations noted between soil CO2 emissions and soil temperature and moisture. Cumulative soil CO2 emissions were higher for the PMt than for the PMb, and grain yield was higher for the PMb treatments than for the PMt or no mulching treatments. The CRF produced higher grain yield and inhibited soil CO2 emissions. Soil CO2 emissions per unit grain yield were lower for the BC treatment than for the other treatments. In conclusion, the use of black plastic-film mulching and controlled release fertiliser not only increased maize yield, but also reduced soil CO2 emissions.
开展了一项为期两年的玉米（Zea mays L.）田间试验，以探索减少土壤二氧化碳排放并提高粮食产量的有效方法。设置的处理方式有：（1）不覆盖尿素，（2）不覆盖控释肥料（CRF），（3）覆盖透明塑料薄膜（PMt）并施尿素，（4）覆盖透明塑料薄膜（PMt）并施控释肥料（CRF），（5）覆盖黑色塑料薄膜（PMb）并施尿素，（6）覆盖黑色塑料薄膜（PMb）并施控释肥料（CRF）。在生长早期阶段，土壤二氧化碳排放量为PMt＞PMb＞不覆盖，而在生长后期阶段这种顺序则相反。这种趋势是表土温度动态变化的结果。土壤二氧化碳排放与土壤温度和湿度之间未发现显著相关性。PMt处理的土壤二氧化碳累积排放量高于PMb处理，而PMb处理的粮食产量高于PMt处理或不覆盖处理。控释肥料提高了粮食产量并抑制了土壤二氧化碳排放。BC处理的单位粮食产量土壤二氧化碳排放量低于其他处理。总之，使用黑色塑料薄膜覆盖和控释肥料不仅提高了玉米产量，还减少了土壤二氧化碳排放。
