Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul;128(1):226-227. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001521.
Lacerations are common after vaginal birth. Trauma can occur on the cervix, vagina, and vulva, including the labial, periclitoral, and periurethral regions, and the perineum. Most of these lacerations do not result in adverse functional outcomes. Severe perineal lacerations, extending into or through the anal sphincter complex, although less frequent, are more commonly associated with increased risk of pelvic floor injury, fecal and urinary incontinence, pain, and sexual dysfunction with symptoms that may persist or be present many years after giving birth. The purpose of this document is to provide evidence-based guidelines for the prevention, identification, and repair of obstetric lacerations and for episiotomy.
阴道分娩后撕裂伤很常见。创伤可发生在宫颈、阴道和外阴，包括阴唇、阴蒂周围和尿道周围区域以及会阴。这些撕裂伤大多不会导致不良功能后果。严重的会阴撕裂伤，延伸至或穿过肛门括约肌复合体，虽然较少见，但更常与盆底损伤、粪便和尿液失禁、疼痛以及性功能障碍风险增加相关，这些症状可能在分娩后持续存在或出现多年。本文档的目的是为产科撕裂伤的预防、识别和修复以及会阴切开术提供循证指南。
