Cilliers Karen, Page Benedict John
Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
Turk Neurosurg. 2016;26(5):653-61. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.14294-15.1.
The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) varies considerably and this complicates the description of the normal anatomy. The segmentation of the ACA is mostly agreed on by different authors, although the relationship of the pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries (CmA) is not agreed upon. The two basic configurations of the ACA are determined by the presence or absence of the CmA. The diameter, length and origin of the cortical branches have been measured and described by various authors and display great variability. Common anomalies of the ACA include the azygos, bihemispheric, and median anterior cerebral arteries. A pilot study was done on 19 hemispheres to assess the variation of the branches of the ACA. The most common variations included absence and duplication. The inferior internal parietal artery and the CmA were most commonly absent and the paracentral lobule artery was the most frequently duplicated (36.8%). The inferior internal parietal artery originated from the posterior cerebral artery in 40.0% and this was the most unusual origin observed. It is important to be aware of the possibility of variations since these variations can have serious clinical implications. The knowledge of these variations can be helpful to clinicians and neurosurgeons. The aim of this article is to review the anatomy and variations of the anterior cerebral artery, as described in the literature. This was also compared to the results from a pilot study.
大脑前动脉（ACA）差异很大，这使得正常解剖结构的描述变得复杂。尽管不同作者对大脑前动脉的分段大多达成了共识，但胼周动脉和胼缘动脉（CmA）之间的关系却未达成一致。大脑前动脉的两种基本构型由CmA的有无决定。不同作者对皮质支的直径、长度和起源进行了测量和描述，结果显示差异很大。大脑前动脉常见的异常包括奇静脉、双侧大脑半球和大脑前中动脉。对19个半球进行了一项初步研究，以评估大脑前动脉分支的变异情况。最常见的变异包括缺如和重复。顶内下动脉和CmA最常缺如，中央旁小叶动脉最常重复（36.8%）。40.0%的顶内下动脉起源于大脑后动脉，这是观察到的最不寻常的起源。认识到变异的可能性很重要，因为这些变异可能具有严重的临床意义。了解这些变异对临床医生和神经外科医生可能会有帮助。本文的目的是回顾文献中描述的大脑前动脉的解剖结构和变异情况，并将其与一项初步研究的结果进行比较。
