López-Ruiz Elena, Jiménez Gema, García María Ángel, Antich Cristina, Boulaiz Houria, Marchal Juan Antonio, Perán Macarena
a Department of Health Sciences , University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain.
b Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research , University of Granada , Granada , Spain.
Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2016 Aug;26(8):877-90. doi: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1203903. Epub 2016 Jul 8.
Despite clinical efforts, treatments to heal osteochondral lesions remain inefficient and frequently result, long-term, in joint arthroplasty. The complex structure of cartilage tissue, composed of a highly hydrated extracellular matrix (ECM), an avascular nature, and slow cellular turnover, hamper tissue regeneration after trauma or disease. Tissue engineering provides new promising alternatives to current treatments designed to regenerate osteochondral defects.
This review describes current and recent strategies of enhancing osteochondral repair through the use of cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules. Here, we review the latest (2011-2015) innovative patents in osteochondral regeneration, emphasizing novel strategies for articular cartilage repair. Finally, we present a summary of ongoing clinical trials that are testing innovative engineered products.
Promising tissue engineering based procedures have emerged as a therapeutic option for the treatment of osteochondral lesions. The development of multilayer scaffolds and the controlled release of bioactive molecules to promote in situ regeneration of both cartilage and bone are some of the latest technologies that intended to improve on the available traditional treatments. To confirm the potential of these novel approaches, long-term evaluation is necessary with special focus on studying the biological and mechanical proprieties of the synthesized tissues.
尽管临床上做出了诸多努力，但用于修复骨软骨损伤的治疗方法仍然效率低下，长期来看，常常导致关节置换手术。软骨组织结构复杂，由高度水合的细胞外基质（ECM）、无血管特性以及缓慢的细胞更新组成，这阻碍了创伤或疾病后的组织再生。组织工程为当前旨在再生骨软骨缺损的治疗方法提供了新的有前景的替代方案。
本综述描述了通过使用细胞、支架和生物活性分子来增强骨软骨修复的当前及近期策略。在此，我们回顾了骨软骨再生方面最新的（2011 - 2015年）创新专利，重点强调了关节软骨修复的新策略。最后，我们总结了正在测试创新工程产品的临床试验情况。
基于组织工程的有前景的方法已成为治疗骨软骨损伤的一种治疗选择。多层支架的开发以及生物活性分子的控释以促进软骨和骨的原位再生是一些旨在改进现有传统治疗方法的最新技术。为了证实这些新方法的潜力，有必要进行长期评估，特别关注研究合成组织的生物学和力学特性。
