Renden Peter G, Savelsbergh Geert J P, Oudejans Raôul R D
a Department of Human Movement Sciences , MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
b Faculty of Sports and Nutrition , Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Ergonomics. 2017 May;60(5):669-679. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1205222. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
We investigated the effects of reflex-based self-defence training on police performance in simulated high-pressure arrest situations. Police officers received this training as well as a regular police arrest and self-defence skills training (control training) in a crossover design. Officers' performance was tested on several variables in six reality-based scenarios before and after each training intervention. Results showed improved performance after the reflex-based training, while there was no such effect of the regular police training. Improved performance could be attributed to better communication, situational awareness (scanning area, alertness), assertiveness, resolution, proportionality, control and converting primary responses into tactical movements. As officers trained complete violent situations (and not just physical skills), they learned to use their actions before physical contact for de-escalation but also for anticipation on possible attacks. Furthermore, they learned to respond against attacks with skills based on their primary reflexes. The results of this study seem to suggest that reflex-based self-defence training better prepares officers for performing in high-pressure arrest situations than the current form of police arrest and self-defence skills training. Practitioner Summary: Police officers' performance in high-pressure arrest situations improved after a reflex-based self-defence training, while there was no such effect of a regular police training. As officers learned to anticipate on possible attacks and to respond with skills based on their primary reflexes, they were better able to perform effectively.
我们研究了基于反射的自卫训练对警察在模拟高压逮捕情境中的表现的影响。警察以交叉设计接受了这种训练以及常规的警察逮捕和自卫技能训练（对照训练）。在每次训练干预前后，在六个基于现实的场景中对警察的多项变量表现进行了测试。结果显示，基于反射的训练后表现有所改善，而常规警察训练则没有这种效果。表现的改善可归因于更好的沟通、态势感知（扫描区域、警觉性）、坚定性、解决问题的能力、相称性、控制力以及将主要反应转化为战术动作。由于警察训练的是完整的暴力情境（而不仅仅是身体技能），他们学会在身体接触前就运用行动来缓和局势，同时也用于预判可能的攻击。此外，他们学会基于主要反射运用技能应对攻击。这项研究的结果似乎表明，与当前形式的警察逮捕和自卫技能训练相比，基于反射的自卫训练能让警察在高压逮捕情境中表现得更好。从业者总结：基于反射的自卫训练后，警察在高压逮捕情境中的表现有所改善，而常规警察训练则没有这种效果。由于警察学会了预判可能的攻击并基于主要反射运用技能做出反应，他们能够更好地有效执行任务。
