Shad Brandon J, Wallis Gareth, van Loon Luc J C, Thompson Janice L
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maturitas. 2016 Nov;93:78-82. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.05.016. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Regular physical activity (PA) promotes musculoskeletal health in older adults. However, the majority of older individuals do not meet current PA guidelines and are also highly sedentary. Emerging evidence indicates that large amounts of sedentary time accelerate the loss of skeletal muscle mass (i.e., sarcopenia) and physical function with advancing age. However, current PA recommendations for sedentary time are non-specific (i.e., keep sedentary time to a minimum). Research indicates that physical inactivity and large amounts of sedentary time accelerate sarcopenic muscle loss by inducing skeletal muscle 'anabolic resistance'. These findings suggest a critical interaction between engaging in 'sufficient' levels of PA, minimising sedentary time, and consuming 'adequate' nutrition to promote optimal musculoskeletal health in older adults. However, current PA recommendations do not take into account the important role that nutrition plays in ensuring older adults can maximise the benefits from the PA in which they engage. The aim of this narrative review is: (1) to briefly summarise the evidence used to inform current public health recommendations for PA and sedentary time in older adults; and (2) to discuss the presence of 'anabolic resistance' in older adults, highlighting the importance of regular PA and minimising sedentary behaviour. It is imperative that the synergy between PA, minimising sedentary behaviour and adequate nutrition is integrated into future PA guidelines to promote optimal musculoskeletal health and metabolic responses in the growing ageing population.
规律的体育活动（PA）可促进老年人的肌肉骨骼健康。然而，大多数老年人未达到当前的体育活动指南要求，且久坐不动的时间很长。新出现的证据表明，随着年龄的增长，大量的久坐时间会加速骨骼肌质量（即肌肉减少症）的流失和身体机能的衰退。然而，目前针对久坐时间的体育活动建议并不具体（即尽量减少久坐时间）。研究表明，缺乏体育活动和大量的久坐时间会通过引发骨骼肌“合成代谢抵抗”来加速肌肉减少症患者肌肉的流失。这些发现表明，进行“足够”水平的体育活动、尽量减少久坐时间以及摄入“充足”营养之间存在关键的相互作用，以促进老年人的最佳肌肉骨骼健康。然而，目前的体育活动建议并未考虑到营养在确保老年人能够从其所参与的体育活动中获得最大益处方面所起的重要作用。本叙述性综述的目的是：（1）简要总结用于为当前老年人体育活动和久坐时间的公共卫生建议提供依据的证据；（2）讨论老年人中“合成代谢抵抗”的存在，强调规律体育活动和尽量减少久坐行为的重要性。必须将体育活动、尽量减少久坐行为和充足营养之间的协同作用纳入未来的体育活动指南，以促进不断增长的老年人群的最佳肌肉骨骼健康和代谢反应。
