Hunt Pamela S, Burk Joshua A, Barnet Robert C
The College of William and Mary, United States.
The College of William and Mary, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Nov;70:33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.026. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Adolescence is a time of critical brain changes that pave the way for adult learning processes. However, the extent to which learning in adolescence is best characterized as a transitional linear progression from childhood to adulthood, or represents a period that differs from earlier and later developmental stages, remains unclear. Here we examine behavioral literature on associative fear conditioning and complex choice behavior with rodent models. Many aspects of fear conditioning are intact by adolescence and do not differ from adult patterns. Sufficient evidence, however, suggests that adolescent learning cannot be characterized simply as an immature precursor to adulthood. Across different paradigms assessing choice behavior, literature suggests that adolescent animals typically display more impulsive patterns of responding compared to adults. The extent to which the development of basic conditioning processes serves as a scaffold for later adult decision making is an additional research area that is important for theory, but also has widespread applications for numerous psychological conditions.
青春期是大脑发生关键变化的时期，为成人学习过程奠定基础。然而，青春期的学习究竟是最好被描述为从童年到成年的过渡性线性发展，还是代表一个与早期和后期发育阶段不同的时期，仍不清楚。在这里，我们用啮齿动物模型研究关于联想性恐惧条件反射和复杂选择行为的行为学文献。恐惧条件反射的许多方面在青春期时已发育完善，与成年模式并无差异。然而，有充分证据表明，青少年学习不能简单地被描述为成年期的不成熟前奏。在评估选择行为的不同范式中，文献表明，与成年动物相比，青少年动物通常表现出更冲动的反应模式。基本条件反射过程的发展在多大程度上为后期的成人决策提供了支撑，这是另一个重要的研究领域，不仅对理论很重要，而且在众多心理状况中也有广泛应用。
