Fackrell Joseph K, Glenn Craig R, Popp Brian N, Whittier Robert B, Dulai Henrietta
University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Road, POST 701, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Road, POST 701, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2016 Sep 15;110(1):281-292. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.050. Epub 2016 Jun 20.
We utilize N and C species concentration data along with δ(15)N values of NO3(-) and δ(13)C values of dissolved inorganic C to evaluate the stoichiometry of biogeochemical reactions (mineralization, nitrification, anammox, and denitrification) occurring within a subsurface wastewater plume that originates as treated wastewater injection and enters the coastal waters of Maui as submarine groundwater discharge. Additionally, we compare wastewater effluent time-series data, injection rates, and treatment history with submarine spring discharge time-series data. We find that heterotrophic denitrification is the primary mechanism of N loss within the groundwater plume and that chlorination for pathogen disinfection suppresses microbial activity in the aquifer responsible for N loss, resulting in increased coastal ocean N loading. Replacement of chlorination with UV disinfection may restore biogeochemical reactions responsible for N loss within the aquifer and return N-attenuating conditions in the effluent plume, reducing N loading to coastal waters.
我们利用氮（N）和碳（C）物种浓度数据，以及硝酸根（NO3-）的δ(15)N值和溶解无机碳的δ(13)C值，来评估在作为处理后废水注入并以海底地下水排放形式进入毛伊岛沿海水域的地下废水羽流中发生的生物地球化学反应（矿化、硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化）的化学计量。此外，我们将废水排放的时间序列数据、注入速率和处理历史与海底泉排放的时间序列数据进行比较。我们发现，异养反硝化是地下水中氮损失的主要机制，并且用于病原体消毒的氯化作用抑制了负责氮损失的含水层中的微生物活动，导致沿海海洋氮负荷增加。用紫外线消毒取代氯化作用可能会恢复负责含水层中氮损失的生物地球化学反应，并使排放羽流中的氮衰减条件恢复，从而减少向沿海水域的氮负荷。
