Amato Daniel W, Whittier Robert B, Dulai Henrietta, Smith Celia M
Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawai'i, 96822, USA.
Hawai'i Department of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch, Uluakupu Bldg. 4, 2385 Waimano Home Road, Suite 110, Pearl City, Hi, 96782-1400, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Jan;150:110668. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110668. Epub 2019 Nov 30.
Previous studies indicate coastlines are at risk of wastewater contamination from injection wells, cesspools, and septic systems. In this study, common marine algae were used to ground-truth modeled loading of wastewater-derived N to coastlines of O'ahu, Hawai'i. Macroalgae were collected and/or deployed at 118 sites and analyzed for tissue δN and N %. Wastewater source locations were used to estimate wastewater-derived N in groundwater with the modeling software MT3DMS/MODFLOW. Algal bioassays identified six coastal regions subjected to elevated wastewater-derived N loading. In a case study, submarine groundwater discharge (estimated by Rn mass balance) was related to wastewater loading from onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDS) and municipal wastewater injection wells in Waimānalo. The highest Rn-derived SGD rate and N flux were 21.4 m/m/d and 62.6 g/m/d, respectively. The results of this study suggest that OSDS and injection wells discharge substantial volumes of wastewater and N across broad regions of coastal O'ahu.
先前的研究表明，海岸线面临着来自注入井、污水池和化粪池系统的废水污染风险。在本研究中，利用常见的海洋藻类对夏威夷欧胡岛海岸线的废水源氮负荷模型进行实地验证。在118个地点采集和/或部署大型藻类，并分析其组织的δN和N%。利用建模软件MT3DMS/MODFLOW，根据废水源位置估算地下水中来自废水的氮。藻类生物测定法确定了六个受废水源氮负荷升高影响的沿海区域。在一个案例研究中，（通过Rn质量平衡估算的）海底地下水排放与怀马纳洛的现场污水处理系统（OSDS）和城市废水注入井的废水负荷相关。源自Rn的最高SGD速率和氮通量分别为21.4米/米/天和62.6克/米/天。本研究结果表明，OSDS和注入井在欧胡岛沿海的广大区域排放大量废水和氮。
