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我明白你的意思:听觉标签可减少视觉搜索时间。

I can see what you are saying: Auditory labels reduce visual search times.

作者信息

Cho Kit W

机构信息

University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, 1 Main St., Houston, TX 77002, United States.

出版信息

Acta Psychol (Amst). 2016 Oct;170:19-31. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.06.003. Epub 2016 Jun 21.

Abstract

The present study explored the self-directed-speech effect, the finding that relative to silent reading of a label (e.g., DOG), saying it aloud reduces visual search reaction times (RTs) for locating a target picture among distractors. Experiment 1 examined whether this effect is due to a confound in the differences in the number of cues in self-directed speech (two) vs. silent reading (one) and tested whether self-articulation is required for the effect. The results showed that self-articulation is not required and that merely hearing the auditory label reduces visual search RTs relative to silent reading. This finding also rules out the number of cues confound. Experiment 2 examined whether hearing an auditory label activates more prototypical features of the label's referent and whether the auditory-label benefit is moderated by the target's imagery concordance (the degree to which the target picture matches the mental picture that is activated by a written label for the target). When the target imagery concordance was high, RTs following the presentation of a high prototypicality picture or auditory cue were comparable and shorter than RTs following a visual label or low prototypicality picture cue. However, when the target imagery concordance was low, RTs following an auditory cue were shorter than the comparable RTs following the picture cues and visual-label cue. The results suggest that an auditory label activates both prototypical and atypical features of a concept and can facilitate visual search RTs even when compared to picture primes.

摘要

本研究探讨了自我指导言语效应,即相对于默读标签(如“狗”),大声说出标签会减少在干扰物中定位目标图片的视觉搜索反应时间(RTs)。实验1检验了这种效应是否归因于自我指导言语(两个)与默读(一个)中线索数量差异的混淆,并测试了自我发音是否是该效应所必需的。结果表明,自我发音并非必需,相对于默读,仅仅听到听觉标签就能减少视觉搜索反应时间。这一发现也排除了线索数量的混淆。实验2检验了听到听觉标签是否会激活该标签所指对象的更多原型特征,以及听觉标签的益处是否会受到目标意象一致性(目标图片与由目标的书面标签激活的心理图片的匹配程度)的调节。当目标意象一致性较高时,呈现高原型性图片或听觉线索后的反应时间相当,且比视觉标签或低原型性图片线索后的反应时间短。然而,当目标意象一致性较低时,听觉线索后的反应时间比图片线索和视觉标签线索后的可比反应时间短。结果表明,听觉标签会激活概念的原型特征和非典型特征,即使与图片启动刺激相比,也能促进视觉搜索反应时间。

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