Srzich Alexander J, Byblow Winston D, Stinear James W, Cirillo John, Anson J Greg
Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Neuropsychologia. 2016 Aug;89:287-298. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.030. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Marked distortions in sense of agency can be induced by hypnosis in susceptible individuals, including alterations in subjective awareness of movement initiation and control. These distortions, with associated disability, are similar to those experienced with Conversion Disorder (CD), an observation that has led to the hypothesis that hypnosis and CD share causal mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to explore the relationships among motor imagery (MI), hypnotic susceptibility, and CD, then to propose how MI ability may contribute to hypnotic responding and CD. Studies employing subjective assessments of mental imagery have found little association between imagery abilities and hypnotic susceptibility. A positive association between imagery abilities and hypnotic susceptibility becomes apparent when objective measures of imagery ability are employed. A candidate mechanism to explain motor responses during hypnosis is kinaesthetic MI, which engages a strategy that involves proprioception or the "feel" of movement when no movement occurs. Motor suppression imagery (MSI), a strategy involving inhibition of movement, may provide an alternate objective measurable phenomenon that underlies both hypnotic susceptibility and CD. Evidence to date supports the idea that there may be a positive association between kinaesthetic MI ability and hypnotic susceptibility. Additional evidence supports a positive association between hypnotic susceptibility and CD. Disturbances in kinaesthetic MI performance in CD patients indicate that MI mechanisms may also underlie CD symptoms. Further investigation of the above relationships is warranted to explain these phenomena, and establish theoretical explanations underlying sense of agency.
在易受催眠影响的个体中，催眠可诱发明显的能动感扭曲，包括运动发起和控制的主观意识改变。这些扭曲以及相关的功能障碍与转换障碍（CD）患者所经历的情况相似，这一观察结果引发了关于催眠和CD具有共同因果机制的假说。本综述的目的是探讨运动想象（MI）、催眠易感性和CD之间的关系，然后提出MI能力可能如何促进催眠反应和CD。采用心理意象主观评估的研究发现，意象能力与催眠易感性之间几乎没有关联。当采用意象能力的客观测量方法时，意象能力与催眠易感性之间的正相关关系就变得明显了。一种解释催眠期间运动反应的候选机制是动觉MI，它采用了一种策略，即在没有运动发生时涉及本体感觉或运动的“感觉”。运动抑制意象（MSI）是一种涉及抑制运动的策略，可能提供一种潜在的、可客观测量的现象，它是催眠易感性和CD的基础。迄今为止的证据支持动觉MI能力与催眠易感性之间可能存在正相关的观点。更多证据支持催眠易感性与CD之间存在正相关。CD患者动觉MI表现的紊乱表明，MI机制也可能是CD症状的基础。有必要对上述关系进行进一步研究，以解释这些现象，并建立关于能动感的理论解释。
