Department of Psychology and the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU PO Box 842018, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA.
Department of Psychology, African American Studies, and Human & Molecular Genetics, VCU PO Box 842509, Richmond, VA 23284-2509, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 Aug;91:91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.034. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
Conduct disorder (CD) is a moderately heritable psychiatric disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules. Genome-wide scans using linkage and association methods have identified a number of suggestive genomic regions that are pending replication. A small number of candidate genes (e.g., GABRA2, MAOA, SLC6A4, AVPR1A) are associated with CD related phenotypes across independent studies; however, failures to replicate also exist. Studies of gene-environment interplay show that CD genetic predispositions also contribute to selection into higher-risk environments, and that environmental factors can alter the importance of CD genetic factors and differentially methylate CD candidate genes. The field's understanding of CD etiology will benefit from larger, adequately powered studies in gene identification efforts; the incorporation of polygenic approaches in gene-environment interplay studies; attention to the mechanisms of risk from genes to brain to behavior; and the use of genetically informative data to test quasi-causal hypotheses about purported risk factors.
品行障碍（CD）是一种中度遗传性儿童和青少年精神障碍，其特征为对人和动物的攻击、破坏财产、欺骗或偷窃以及严重违反规则。使用连锁和关联方法进行的全基因组扫描已经确定了一些提示性的基因组区域，这些区域有待复制。少数候选基因（例如 GABRA2、MAOA、SLC6A4、AVPR1A）与独立研究中的 CD 相关表型相关；然而，也存在复制失败的情况。基因-环境相互作用的研究表明，CD 的遗传易感性也有助于选择进入更高风险的环境，并且环境因素可以改变 CD 遗传因素的重要性，并使 CD 候选基因发生差异甲基化。该领域对 CD 病因学的理解将受益于更大、更有能力的基因识别研究；在基因-环境相互作用研究中纳入多基因方法；关注从基因到大脑到行为的风险机制；并使用遗传信息数据来检验关于所谓风险因素的准因果假设。
