Bonifazi Giuseppe, Serranti Silvia, Potenza Fabio, Luciani Valentina, Di Maio Francesco
DICMA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza - University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Waste Manag. 2017 Feb;60:50-55. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.013. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
Plastic polymers are characterized by a high calorific value. Post-consumer plastic waste can be thus considered, in many cases, as a typical secondary solid fuels according to the European Commission directive on End of Waste (EoW). In Europe the practice of incineration is considered one of the solutions for waste disposal waste, for energy recovery and, as a consequence, for the reduction of waste sent to landfill. A full characterization of these products represents the first step to profitably and correctly utilize them. Several techniques have been investigated in this paper in order to separate and characterize post-consumer plastic packaging waste fulfilling the previous goals, that is: gravity separation (i.e. Reflux Classifier), FT-IR spectroscopy, NIR HyperSpectralImaging (HSI) based techniques and calorimetric test. The study demonstrated as the proposed separation technique and the HyperSpectral NIR Imaging approach allow to separate and recognize the different polymers (i.e. PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC), PolyStyrene (PS), PolyEthylene (PE), PoliEtilene Tereftalato (PET), PolyPropylene (PP)) in order to maximize the removal of the PVC fraction from plastic waste and to perform the full quality control of the resulting products, can be profitably utilized to set up analytical/control strategies finalized to obtain a low content of PVC in the final Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF), thus enhancing SRF quality, increasing its value and reducing the "final waste".
塑料聚合物的特点是热值高。根据欧盟委员会关于废弃物终态（EoW）的指令，在许多情况下，消费后塑料废弃物可被视为典型的二次固体燃料。在欧洲，焚烧做法被视为废弃物处置、能源回收以及减少送往垃圾填埋场的废弃物的解决方案之一。对这些产品进行全面表征是盈利且正确利用它们的第一步。本文研究了多种技术，以分离和表征符合上述目标的消费后塑料包装废弃物，即：重力分离（如回流分级机）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、基于近红外高光谱成像（HSI）的技术以及量热测试。研究表明，所提出的分离技术和高光谱近红外成像方法能够分离和识别不同的聚合物（即聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）、聚丙烯（PP）），以便最大限度地从塑料废弃物中去除PVC组分，并对所得产品进行全面质量控制，可有效用于制定分析/控制策略，以使最终的固体回收燃料（SRF）中PVC含量较低，从而提高SRF质量、增加其价值并减少“最终废弃物”。
