精神分裂症患者的面部情绪感知：性别重要吗？
Facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: Does sex matter?
机构信息
Jasmine Mote, Ann M Kring, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
出版信息
World J Psychiatry. 2016 Jun 22;6(2):257-68. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.257.
AIM
To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception (FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early (onset prior to age 18) or recent-onset (experiencing their first or second psychotic episode or illness duration less than 2 years) schizophrenia, and unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. We also examined articles written in English (from November 2011 through June 2015) that were not included in the aforementioned meta-analyses through a literature search in the PubMed database. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. We examined all studies to determine the sample sizes, diagnostic characteristics, demographic information, methodologies, results, and whether each individual study reported on sex differences. The results from the meta-analyses themselves as well as the individual studies are reported in tables and text.
RESULTS
We retrieved 134 articles included in five separate meta-analyses and the PubMed database that examined FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum. Of these articles, 38 examined sex differences in FEP. Thirty of these studies did not find sex differences in FEP in either chronically ill adults with schizophrenia, early-onset or recently diagnosed people with schizophrenia, or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. Of the eight studies that found sex differences in FEP, three found that chronically ill women outperformed men, one study found that girls with early-onset schizophrenia outperformed boys, and two studies found that women (including first-degree relatives, adults with schizophrenia, and the healthy control group) outperformed men on FEP tasks. In total, six of the eight studies that examined sex differences in FEP found that women outperformed men across the schizophrenia spectrum.
CONCLUSION
Evidence to date suggests few sex differences in FEP in schizophrenia; both men and women across the schizophrenia spectrum have deficits in FEP.
目的
综述精神分裂症谱系中面部情绪感知（FEP）的性别差异文献。
方法
我们对五项精神分裂症谱系 FEP 的元分析中包含的实证文章进行了系统回顾，其中包括主要研究慢性精神分裂症成人、早期（发病年龄在 18 岁之前）或近期（首次出现精神病或发病时间少于 2 年）发病的精神分裂症患者以及精神分裂症患者一级亲属的元分析，还检索了在上述元分析中未包含的、发表于 2011 年 11 月至 2015 年 6 月的英文文章，通过 PubMed 数据库进行文献检索。我们查阅了所有相关文章的全文，以确定样本量、诊断特征、人口统计学信息、方法学、结果以及每项研究是否报告了性别差异。元分析本身和个别研究的结果以表格和文本形式呈现。
结果
我们从五个单独的元分析和 PubMed 数据库中检索到 134 篇研究精神分裂症谱系中 FEP 的文章。这些文章中，有 38 篇研究了 FEP 的性别差异。其中 30 项研究在慢性精神分裂症成人、早期或近期发病的精神分裂症患者或精神分裂症患者一级亲属中未发现 FEP 的性别差异。在发现 FEP 性别差异的 8 项研究中，有 3 项研究发现慢性女性精神分裂症患者的表现优于男性，1 项研究发现早期发病的女性精神分裂症患者的表现优于男性，还有 2 项研究发现女性（包括一级亲属、精神分裂症患者和健康对照组）在 FEP 任务中的表现优于男性。总的来说，8 项研究中有 6 项发现 FEP 的性别差异，即女性在精神分裂症谱系中的表现优于男性。
结论
目前的证据表明，精神分裂症患者 FEP 的性别差异较少；精神分裂症谱系中的男性和女性都存在 FEP 缺陷。
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