Rigoli Marcelo Montagner, Silva Gustavo Ramos, Oliveira Fernando Rainho de, Pergher Giovanni Kuckartz, Kristensen Christian Haag
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Escola de Humanidades, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Faculdades Integradas de Taquara (FACCAT), Taquara, RS, Brazil.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2016 July-September;38(3):119-127. doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0063. Epub 2016 Jun 27.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder with important social consequences. Several models have been developed with the aim of understanding the mechanisms underlying its symptoms. Intrusions are idiosyncratic symptoms that commonly take the form of involuntary recollection of images or flashbacks about the traumatic event.
To review how memory is conceptualized in each of these models and the implications for clinical practice.
A narrative review of the literature was conducted through analysis of the perspectives of memory in theoretical models of PTSD.
Two main perspectives were identified: 1) models in which specific mechanisms of memory for processing traumatic events are proposed, especially those based on clinical studies, and 2) models in which common mnemonic mechanisms are utilized to explain the phenomenon, primarily based on basic experimental research studies investigating memory. The different theories based on these approaches have led to distinct psychotherapy interventions.
In order to clarify these discrepancies, future research should aim for the methodological rigor of experimental studies, while maintaining the ecological applicability of findings. Cognitive experimental psychopathology is therefore an area on which research funding should be focused. Such studies could elucidate the role of mnemonic aspects in PTSD and how they impact psychological treatments.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种高度流行的疾病，具有重要的社会影响。为了理解其症状背后的机制，已经开发了几种模型。侵入性症状是一种特殊症状，通常表现为不由自主地回忆起与创伤事件相关的图像或闪回。
回顾这些模型中对记忆的概念化方式及其对临床实践的影响。
通过分析创伤后应激障碍理论模型中记忆的观点，对文献进行叙述性综述。
确定了两种主要观点：1）提出了用于处理创伤事件的特定记忆机制的模型，特别是基于临床研究的模型；2）主要基于研究记忆的基础实验研究，利用常见记忆机制来解释该现象的模型。基于这些方法的不同理论导致了不同的心理治疗干预措施。
为了澄清这些差异，未来的研究应以实验研究的方法严谨性为目标，同时保持研究结果的生态适用性。因此，认知实验精神病理学是一个应集中研究资金的领域。此类研究可以阐明记忆方面在创伤后应激障碍中的作用以及它们如何影响心理治疗。
