Sarkar Krishnendu, Dev Samrat, Das Tamal, Chakrabarty Sabarni, Gangopadhyay Somnath
a Occupational Ergonomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology , University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India.
b Department of Physiology , Vidyasagar Evening College , Kolkata , India.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2016 Apr;22(2):151-8. doi: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1189682. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Manual material handling (MMH) activities require workers to adopt various awkward postures leading to the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).
To investigate the postures adopted during heavy load handling and the frequency of MSDs among MMH workers in Calcutta, India.
We conducted a cross-sectional study with 100 MMH workers. MSD frequency was assessed via the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. The Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) was used to analyze working posture. We used logistic regression to predict MSD risk factors.
Ninety five percent of workers reported a MSD in at least one body part in the past 12 months. According to OWAS results, 83% of the analysed work postures require immediate corrective measures for worker safety. The most harmful posture was carrying a heavy load overhead. Carrying more than 120 kg increased the odds of low back and neck pain by 4.527 and 4.555, respectively.
This sample had a high frequency of reported MSDs, likely attributed to physiologically strenuous occupational activities repeated on average of 30-40 times daily. Ergonomic interventions, such as the use of handcarts, and occupational training are urgently needed.
人工搬运材料（MMH）活动要求工人采取各种别扭的姿势，从而导致肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的发生。
调查印度加尔各答从事MMH工作的工人在搬运重物时所采取的姿势以及MSD的发生频率。
我们对100名从事MMH工作的工人进行了一项横断面研究。通过标准化北欧问卷评估MSD发生频率。采用奥瓦科工作姿势评估系统（OWAS）分析工作姿势。我们使用逻辑回归来预测MSD风险因素。
95%的工人报告在过去12个月中至少有一个身体部位出现MSD。根据OWAS结果，83%的分析工作姿势需要立即采取纠正措施以保障工人安全。最有害的姿势是将重物举过头顶。搬运超过120千克的重物会使下背部和颈部疼痛的几率分别增加4.527倍和4.555倍。
该样本中报告的MSD发生率很高，可能归因于平均每天重复进行30至40次的生理上高强度的职业活动。迫切需要采取诸如使用手推车等人体工程学干预措施以及职业培训。
