Ghenghesh Khalifa Sifaw, Ghanghish Khaled, BenDarif Elloulu T, Shembesh Khaled, Franka Ezzadin
Independent Scholar, Cairo, Egypt;
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
Libyan J Med. 2016 Jun 29;11:32088. doi: 10.3402/ljm.v11.32088. eCollection 2016.
The intestinal protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. are the causative agents of giardiasis, amebiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, respectively. Adequate knowledge of the geographical distribution of parasites and the demographic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations.
The data were obtained by an English language literature search of Medline and PubMed for papers using the search terms 'intestinal parasites and Libya, G. lamblia and Libya, E. histolytica and Libya and Cryptosporidium and Libya' for the period 2000-2015.
The data obtained for the period 2000-2015 showed prevalence rates of 0.8-36.6% (mean 19.9%) for E. histolytica/dispar, 1.2-18.2% (mean 4.6%) for G. lamblia and 0.9-13% (mean 3.4%) for Cryptosporidium spp. among individuals in Libya with gastroenteritis (GE). On the other hand, prevalence rates of 0.8-16.3% (mean 8.3%), 1.8-28.8% (mean 4.8%), and 1.0-2.5% (mean=2.4), respectively, were observed for individuals without GE. The mean prevalence rate of E. histolytica/dispar was significantly higher among individuals with GE compared with those without GE (p<0.0000001, OR=2.74). No significant difference in prevalence rate of the three organisms was found according to gender, but most of infections were observed in children aged 10 years or younger.
The reviewed data suggest that E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. may play a minor role in GE in Libya. The observed high prevalence rates of E. histolytica/dispar reported from Libya could be due mainly to the non-pathogenic E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. However, more studies are needed in the future using E. histolytica-specific enzyme immunoassays and/or molecular methods to confirm this observation.
肠道原生动物溶组织内阿米巴、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫属分别是贾第虫病、阿米巴病和隐孢子虫病的病原体。充分了解寄生虫的地理分布以及影响其流行率的人口统计学变量，对于有效控制高危人群的感染至关重要。
通过对Medline和PubMed进行英文文献检索，以获取2000年至2015年期间使用搜索词“肠道寄生虫与利比亚”“蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫与利比亚”“溶组织内阿米巴与利比亚”以及“隐孢子虫与利比亚”的论文数据。
2000年至2015年期间获得的数据显示，在利比亚患有肠胃炎（GE）的个体中，溶组织内阿米巴/迪氏内阿米巴的流行率为0.8%至36.6%（平均19.9%），蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫为1.2%至18.2%（平均4.6%），隐孢子虫属为0.9%至13%（平均3.4%）。另一方面，在无GE的个体中，观察到的流行率分别为0.8%至16.3%（平均8.3%）、1.8%至28.8%（平均4.8%）和1.0%至2.5%（平均=2.4）。与无GE的个体相比，患有GE的个体中溶组织内阿米巴/迪氏内阿米巴的平均流行率显著更高（p<0.0000001，OR=2.74）。根据性别，这三种生物体的流行率没有显著差异，但大多数感染发生在10岁及以下的儿童中。
综述数据表明，溶组织内阿米巴、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫属在利比亚的肠胃炎中可能起次要作用。利比亚报告的溶组织内阿米巴/迪氏内阿米巴的高流行率可能主要归因于非致病性的迪氏内阿米巴和莫斯科维内阿米巴。然而，未来需要更多使用溶组织内阿米巴特异性酶免疫测定和/或分子方法的研究来证实这一观察结果。
