Kroll Lars Eric, Müters Stephan, Rattay Petra, Lampert Thomas
FG28 Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2016 Aug;59(8):932-41. doi: 10.1007/s00103-016-2377-9.
Today's men want to participate in their children's upbringing more than in the past, but they are heavily involved in their occupation at the same time. This article describes the significance of parenthood, partnership and occupation in relation to health and health behaviours among men of working age in Germany.
We summarised data from the "German Health Update" (GEDA) studies conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2012. Data on 18,465 men aged 18-64 years were available, 11,429 of which were living with children. We included mental health problems, general health awareness, sports activity and smoking as outcomes.
Full-time employees working more than 48 h per week and unemployed persons had mental health problems more frequently (OR 1.44 and 2.35, p < 0.05) than full-time employees working 48 h or fewer. Similar associations can be shown for health awareness, physical activity and smoking. Concerning partnership and parenthood, the associations were considerably weaker: men living together with children and a partner in the household were overall less burdened and their behaviour was also healthier than single men without children. After simultaneous consideration of employment status, parenthood and partnership, our results show that the unemployed and employees with long working hours were the most burdened.
The results provide supporting evidence regarding health problems of men in Germany due to unemployment and long working hours that are of importance for their health whether they are living with a partner and/or with children or not. The association between health and occupation was stronger than between health and fatherhood or partnership.
如今的男性比过去更想参与孩子的养育，但与此同时他们也全身心投入到工作中。本文描述了为人父母、伴侣关系和职业对于德国工作年龄男性的健康及健康行为的意义。
我们汇总了2009年、2010年和2012年开展的“德国健康更新”（GEDA）研究的数据。可得18465名18至64岁男性的数据，其中11429人与孩子同住。我们将心理健康问题、总体健康意识、体育活动和吸烟作为研究结果。
每周工作超过48小时的全职员工和失业者出现心理健康问题的频率（比值比为1.44和2.35，p<0.05）高于每周工作48小时或更少的全职员工。在健康意识、体育活动和吸烟方面也有类似的关联。关于伴侣关系和为人父母，这种关联要弱得多：与孩子及伴侣同住的男性总体负担较轻，其行为也比没有孩子的单身男性更健康。在同时考虑就业状况、为人父母和伴侣关系后，我们的结果表明，失业者和工作时间长的员工负担最重。
研究结果为德国男性因失业和长时间工作而出现的健康问题提供了支持性证据，无论他们是否与伴侣和/或孩子同住，这些问题对他们的健康都很重要。健康与职业之间的关联比健康与父亲身份或伴侣关系之间的关联更强。
