[Ultrastructural study of the surfactant system during emphysema induced by elastase in guinea pigs].

The dynamic changes of pulmonary surfactant system in guinea pigs with experimental emphysema were studied with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and special electron stain for surfactant. The results showed that the surfactant decreased significantly and the destruction of alveolar walls were observed after 72 hours of injection of elastase. After one week, surfactant increased gradually, the number of alveolar II cells increased and the secretion of these cells was flourishing. Until 25 days, the pulmonary surfactant system tended to normal. The destruction and dilation of respiratory units was getting worse during this period. This study suggests that the changes of surfactant system play some roles in the process of the development of emphysema.