Schmidt Brian P, Touch Phanith, Neitz Maureen, Neitz Jay
J Vis. 2016 Jun 1;16(8):18. doi: 10.1167/16.8.18.
The wavelength of light that appears unique yellow is surprisingly consistent across people even though the ratio of middle (M) to long (L) wavelength sensitive cones is strikingly variable. This observation has been explained by normalization to the mean spectral distribution of our shared environment. Our purpose was to reconcile the nearly perfect alignment of everyone's unique yellow through a normalization process with the striking variability in unique green, which varies by as much as 60 nm between individuals. The spectral location of unique green was measured in a group of volunteers whose cone ratios were estimated with a technique that combined genetics and flicker photometric electroretinograms. In contrast to unique yellow, unique green was highly dependent upon relative cone numerosity. We hypothesized that the difference in neural architecture of the blue-yellow and red-green opponent systems in the presence of a normalization process creates the surprising dependence of unique green on cone ratio. We then compared the predictions of different theories of color vision processing that incorporate L and M cone ratio and a normalization process. The results of this analysis reveal that-contrary to prevailing notions--postretinal contributions may not be required to explain the phenomena of unique hues.
尽管对中波长（M）和长波长（L）敏感的视锥细胞比例存在显著差异，但呈现独特黄色的光的波长在人群中却出奇地一致。这一现象已通过对我们共同环境的平均光谱分布进行归一化来解释。我们的目的是通过归一化过程，调和每个人独特黄色的近乎完美对齐与独特绿色的显著差异，独特绿色在个体之间的变化幅度高达60纳米。在一组志愿者中测量了独特绿色的光谱位置，这些志愿者的视锥细胞比例是通过一种结合遗传学和闪烁光度视网膜电图的技术估算出来的。与独特黄色不同，独特绿色高度依赖于相对视锥细胞数量。我们推测，在存在归一化过程的情况下，蓝黄和红绿拮抗系统神经结构的差异导致了独特绿色对视锥细胞比例的惊人依赖。然后，我们比较了包含L和M视锥细胞比例以及归一化过程的不同颜色视觉处理理论的预测。这一分析结果表明，与普遍观点相反，可能不需要视网膜后因素来解释独特色调现象。
